Effect of Environmental Knowledge and Awareness on Green Behavior: Testing Behavioral Intentions, Environmental Attitude, and Green Commitment as Mediators
Main Article Content
Keywords
green commitment, environmental attitude, behavioral intentions, environmental knowledge and awareness, green behavior
Abstract
Schools have recognized the significance of incorporating sustainability into their curriculum to make a more visible societal and environmental impact. This causal research study determined the effect of environmental knowledge and awareness (EKA) on the green behavior (GB) of public elementary teachers. A simple random sampling technique is utilized to identify 89 study participants for the survey. For data analysis, regression and process mediation are employed. Results revealed that the more knowledgeable and aware the teachers are about the environment, the more they will participate in the environmentally friendly practices and programs of the schools. The relationship between EKA and GB is significantly and fully mediated by behavioral intentions (BI). Furthermore, this relationship is significant but partially mediated by environmental attitude (EA) and green commitment (GC). Therefore, this study suggests that the Department of Education develops the environmental knowledge and awareness of teachers through the practical application of Education for Sustainable Development with the help of project-based learning competition, environmental education-focused modules, and the creation of school-based programs.
Publication History
Version of Record online: December 27, 2022
Manuscript accepted: December 20, 2022
Manuscript revised: December 16, 2022
Manuscript received: January 26, 2022
References
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Alvarez-García, O., Sureda-Negre, J., & Comas-Forgas, R. (2018). Assessing environmental competencies of primary education pre-service teachers in Spain. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 19(1), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-12-2016-0227
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Asadieh, B., & Krakauer, N. Y. (2017). Global change in streamflow extremes under climate change over the 21st century. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 21(11), 5863-5874. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5863-2017
Awuni, J. A., & Du, J. (2015). Sustainable consumption in Chinese cities: Green purchasing intentions of young adults based on the theory of consumption values. Sustainable Development, 24(2), 124-135. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1613
Bello, B. (2020). Evaluation on the implementation of environmental education activities among public secondary schools in south central Mindanao. Global Scientific Journal, 8(10), 665 - 675
Cleophas, T. J., & Zwinderman, A. H. (2012). Statistics applied to clinical studies. Springer Science & Business Media.
DepEd. (2011, July 5). July 5, 2011 DO 52, S. 2011 - Strengthening environmental education in public and private schools. Department of Education. https://www.deped.gov.ph/2011/07/05/do-52-s-2011-
strengthening-environmental-education-in-publicand-private-schools/
Duan, W., & Sheng, J. (2018). How can environmental knowledge transfer into pro-environmental behavior among Chinese individuals? Journal of Public Health, 6(3), 289-300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-017-0873-
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Fekih Zguir, M., Dubis, S., & Koç, M. (2021). Embedding education for sustainable development (ESD) and SDGs values in curriculum: A comparative review on Qatar, Singapore and New Zealand. Journal of Cleaner Production, 319, 128534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128534
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
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Joshi, Y., & Rahman, Z. (2015). Factors affecting green purchase behaviour and future research directions. International Strategic Management Review, 3(1-2), 128-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ism.2015.04.001
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Kim, M., Kim, J., & Thapa, B. (2018). Influence of environmental knowledge on affect, nature affiliation and pro-environmental behaviors among tourists. Sustainability, 10(9), 3109. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093109
Labog, R. S. (2017). Teachers' Integration of Environmental Awareness and Sustainable Development Practices. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 5(3), 102–110. http://www.apjmr.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/APJMR-2017.5.3.2.14.pdf
Lam, L. W. (2012). Impact of competitiveness on salespeople's commitment and performance. Journal of Business Research, 65(9), 1328-1334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.10.026
Lazarov, A. S., & Semenescu, A. (2022). Education for sustainable development (ESD) in Romanian higher education institutions (HEIs) within the SDGs framework. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 1998. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041998
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Mc Ewen, B., Clement, P., Gericke, N., Nyberg, E., Hagman, M., & Landström, J. (2015). Female and male teachers' pro-environmental behaviour, conceptions and attitudes towards nature and the environment do not differ: Ecofeminism put to the test. Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 16(1), 1-31.
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Mufidah, I., Jiang, B., Lin, S., Chin, J., Rachmaniati, Y., & Persada, S. (2018). Understanding the consumers' behavior intention in using green Ecolabel product through pro-environmental planned behavior model in developing and developed regions: Lessons learned from Taiwan and Indonesia. Sustainability, 10(5), 1423. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051423
Najjarzadeh, M., Jafari, S., Jafari, N., & Rajabi, N. (2018). Tourist behavioral intentions in conservation of environment, environmental knowledge, tourist satisfaction, environmental attitude, perceived benefit. Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 7(1), 127-142. doi: 10.30473/ee.2018.5064
National Geographic Society (2022). Human Impacts on the Environment. Retrieved November 29, 2022 from https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/resource-library-human-impacts-environment
Onel, N., & Mukherjee, A. (2016). Consumer knowledge in pro-environmental behavior. World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 13(4), 328-352. https://doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-01-2016-0004
Padmanabhan, J., Borthakur, J., & Mittal, K. (2017). Environmental Awareness among Teachers and Students of Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.5958/2230-7311.2017.00126.X
Paillé, P., Mejía-Morelos, J. H., Raineri, N., & Stinglhamber, F. (2019). The influence of the immediate manager on the avoidance of non-green behaviors in the workplace: A three-wave moderatedmediation model. Journal of Business Ethics, 155(3), 723-740. DOI 10.1007/s10551-017-3519-1
Pan, S., Chou, J., Morrison, A., Huang, W., & Lin, M. (2018). Will the future be greener? The environmental behavioral intentions of University tourism students. Sustainability, 10(3), 634. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030634
Pratiwi, N., & Rinuastuti, B. (2018). The effect of environmental knowledge, green advertising and environmental attitude toward green purchase intention. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 78(6), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2018-06.10
Qureshi, T. M. (2019). Employee's Learning Commitment and Self-efficacy. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 18(3), 1-17. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/employees-learning-commitment-and-selfefficacy-8196.html
Raineri, N., & Paillé, P. (2015). Linking Corporate Policy and Supervisory Support with Environmental Citizenship Behaviors: The Role of Employee Environmental Beliefs and Commitment. Journal of Business Ethics, 137(1), 129-148. doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2548-x
Safari, A., Salehzadeh, R., Panahi, R., & Abolghasemian, S. (2018). Multiple pathways linking environmental knowledge and awareness to employees' green behavior. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 18(1), 81-103. https://doi.org/10.1108/cg-08-2016-0168
Shen, M., & Wang, J. (2022). The impact of pro-environmental awareness components on green consumption behavior: The moderation effect of consumer perceived cost, policy incentives, and face culture. Front. Psychol. 13:580823. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.580823
Steibl, S., & Laforsch, C. (2019). Disentangling the environmental impact of different human disturbances: A case study on islands. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49555-6
Sugandini, D., Effendi, M. I., Thamrin, H. M., Priyadi, U., & Muafi. (2019). From environmental knowledge to conservation behaviour. Quality - Access to Success, 20(172), 101-107.
Taufique, K. M., Siwar, C., Chamhuri, N., & Sarah, F. H. (2016). Integrating general environmental knowledge and eco-label knowledge in understanding ecologically conscious consumer behavior. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30090-9
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Valencia, M. I. (2018). Introducing education for sustainable development (Esd) in the educational institutions in the Philippines. Journal of Sustainable Development Education and Research, 2(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.17509/jsder.v2i1.12358
Wang, Y. (2016). Modeling predictors of restaurant employees' green behavior: Comparison of six
attitude-behavior models. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 58, 66-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.07.007
Willits, F., Thedori, G., & Luloff, A. (2016). Another look at Likert scales. Journal of Rural Social Sciences, 31. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/jrss/vol31/iss3/6/
Zheng, Q. J., Xu, A. X., Kong, D. Y., Deng, H. P., & Lin, Q. Q. (2018). Correlation between the environmental knowledge, environmental attitude, and behavioral intention of tourists for ecotourism in China. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 16(1), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1601_051062
Zuell, C., & Scholz, E. (2016). 10 points versus 11 points? Effects of Left-right Scale Design in a Cross-national Perspective. Social Science Open Access repository. https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/56779
Abramovich, A., & Loria, Y. (2015). The Long-Term Impact of an Education for Sustainability Course on Israeli Science and Technology Teachers' Pro-Environment Awareness, Commitment and Behaviour, 31(2), 264-279.. https://doi.org/10.1017/aee.2015.31
Alvarez-García, O., Sureda-Negre, J., & Comas-Forgas, R. (2018). Assessing environmental competencies of primary education pre-service teachers in Spain. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 19(1), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-12-2016-0227
Arı, E., & Yılmaz, V. (2016). Effects of environmental illiteracy and environmental awareness among middle school students on environmental behavior. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 19(5), 1779-1793. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-016-9826-3
Asadieh, B., & Krakauer, N. Y. (2017). Global change in streamflow extremes under climate change over the 21st century. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 21(11), 5863-5874. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5863-2017
Awuni, J. A., & Du, J. (2015). Sustainable consumption in Chinese cities: Green purchasing intentions of young adults based on the theory of consumption values. Sustainable Development, 24(2), 124-135. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1613
Bello, B. (2020). Evaluation on the implementation of environmental education activities among public secondary schools in south central Mindanao. Global Scientific Journal, 8(10), 665 - 675
Cleophas, T. J., & Zwinderman, A. H. (2012). Statistics applied to clinical studies. Springer Science & Business Media.
DepEd. (2011, July 5). July 5, 2011 DO 52, S. 2011 - Strengthening environmental education in public and private schools. Department of Education. https://www.deped.gov.ph/2011/07/05/do-52-s-2011-
strengthening-environmental-education-in-publicand-private-schools/
Duan, W., & Sheng, J. (2018). How can environmental knowledge transfer into pro-environmental behavior among Chinese individuals? Journal of Public Health, 6(3), 289-300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-017-0873-
Fakhrudin,I.A., Karyanto,P., & Ramli,M. (2018). Behavioral intention and its relationship with gender: A study of green school students in Surakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1022, 012043. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1022/1/012043
Fekih Zguir, M., Dubis, S., & Koç, M. (2021). Embedding education for sustainable development (ESD) and SDGs values in curriculum: A comparative review on Qatar, Singapore and New Zealand. Journal of Cleaner Production, 319, 128534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128534
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
George, J. S., & Jayakumar, K. N. (2017). Is it time to promote employee green behaviour? The need and scope. Journal of Management Research and Analysis. DOI: 10.18231/2394-2770.2017.0017
Gkargkavouzi, A., Halkos, G., & Matsiori, S. (2018, February 11). Teachers' environmental knowledge and pro-environmental behavior: An application of CNS and EID scales - Munich personal RePEc archive. - Munich Personal RePEc Archive. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/84505/
Harding, B. A. (2016). Considering Efficacy of an Outdoor Environmental Education Program: Facilitating Elementary Students' Environmental Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 98. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1823989094?accountid=40148
Hayes, A. F. (2012). PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling [White paper]. Retrieved from http://www.afhayes.com/public/process2012.pdf
Itasanmi, S. A., Akintolu, M., & O. Ojedeji, S. (2019). Effects of age and education on market women's environmental knowledge, attitude and behaviour. Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa, 8(2), 77-90. https://doi.org/10.31920/2050-4284/2019/8n2a5
Joshi, Y., & Rahman, Z. (2015). Factors affecting green purchase behaviour and future research directions. International Strategic Management Review, 3(1-2), 128-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ism.2015.04.001
Joshi, Y., & Rahman, Z. (2016). Predictors of young consumer's green purchase behaviour. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 27(4), 452-472. https://doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2015-0091
Kim, M., Kim, J., & Thapa, B. (2018). Influence of environmental knowledge on affect, nature affiliation and pro-environmental behaviors among tourists. Sustainability, 10(9), 3109. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093109
Labog, R. S. (2017). Teachers' Integration of Environmental Awareness and Sustainable Development Practices. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 5(3), 102–110. http://www.apjmr.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/APJMR-2017.5.3.2.14.pdf
Lam, L. W. (2012). Impact of competitiveness on salespeople's commitment and performance. Journal of Business Research, 65(9), 1328-1334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.10.026
Lazarov, A. S., & Semenescu, A. (2022). Education for sustainable development (ESD) in Romanian higher education institutions (HEIs) within the SDGs framework. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 1998. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041998
Martínez-Borreguero, G., Maestre-Jiménez, J., Mateos-Núñez, M., & Naranjo-Correa, F. L. (2020). Analysis of environmental awareness, emotions and level of self-efficacy of teachers in training within the framework of waste for the achievement of sustainable development. Sustainability, 12(6), 2563. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062563
Mc Ewen, B., Clement, P., Gericke, N., Nyberg, E., Hagman, M., & Landström, J. (2015). Female and male teachers' pro-environmental behaviour, conceptions and attitudes towards nature and the environment do not differ: Ecofeminism put to the test. Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 16(1), 1-31.
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology - Japan [MEXT]. (n.d.). MEXT : ESD (Education for sustainable development). 文部科学省. https://www.mext.go.jp/en/unesco/title04/detail04/sdetail04/1375695.htm
Mohiuddin, M., Al Mamun, A., Syed, F., Masud, M., & Su, Z. (2018). Environmental knowledge, awareness, and business school students' intentions to purchase green vehicles in emerging countries. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051534
Mufidah, I., Jiang, B., Lin, S., Chin, J., Rachmaniati, Y., & Persada, S. (2018). Understanding the consumers' behavior intention in using green Ecolabel product through pro-environmental planned behavior model in developing and developed regions: Lessons learned from Taiwan and Indonesia. Sustainability, 10(5), 1423. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051423
Najjarzadeh, M., Jafari, S., Jafari, N., & Rajabi, N. (2018). Tourist behavioral intentions in conservation of environment, environmental knowledge, tourist satisfaction, environmental attitude, perceived benefit. Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 7(1), 127-142. doi: 10.30473/ee.2018.5064
National Geographic Society (2022). Human Impacts on the Environment. Retrieved November 29, 2022 from https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/resource-library-human-impacts-environment
Onel, N., & Mukherjee, A. (2016). Consumer knowledge in pro-environmental behavior. World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 13(4), 328-352. https://doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-01-2016-0004
Padmanabhan, J., Borthakur, J., & Mittal, K. (2017). Environmental Awareness among Teachers and Students of Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.5958/2230-7311.2017.00126.X
Paillé, P., Mejía-Morelos, J. H., Raineri, N., & Stinglhamber, F. (2019). The influence of the immediate manager on the avoidance of non-green behaviors in the workplace: A three-wave moderatedmediation model. Journal of Business Ethics, 155(3), 723-740. DOI 10.1007/s10551-017-3519-1
Pan, S., Chou, J., Morrison, A., Huang, W., & Lin, M. (2018). Will the future be greener? The environmental behavioral intentions of University tourism students. Sustainability, 10(3), 634. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030634
Pratiwi, N., & Rinuastuti, B. (2018). The effect of environmental knowledge, green advertising and environmental attitude toward green purchase intention. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 78(6), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2018-06.10
Qureshi, T. M. (2019). Employee's Learning Commitment and Self-efficacy. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 18(3), 1-17. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/employees-learning-commitment-and-selfefficacy-8196.html
Raineri, N., & Paillé, P. (2015). Linking Corporate Policy and Supervisory Support with Environmental Citizenship Behaviors: The Role of Employee Environmental Beliefs and Commitment. Journal of Business Ethics, 137(1), 129-148. doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2548-x
Safari, A., Salehzadeh, R., Panahi, R., & Abolghasemian, S. (2018). Multiple pathways linking environmental knowledge and awareness to employees' green behavior. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 18(1), 81-103. https://doi.org/10.1108/cg-08-2016-0168
Shen, M., & Wang, J. (2022). The impact of pro-environmental awareness components on green consumption behavior: The moderation effect of consumer perceived cost, policy incentives, and face culture. Front. Psychol. 13:580823. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.580823
Steibl, S., & Laforsch, C. (2019). Disentangling the environmental impact of different human disturbances: A case study on islands. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49555-6
Sugandini, D., Effendi, M. I., Thamrin, H. M., Priyadi, U., & Muafi. (2019). From environmental knowledge to conservation behaviour. Quality - Access to Success, 20(172), 101-107.
Taufique, K. M., Siwar, C., Chamhuri, N., & Sarah, F. H. (2016). Integrating general environmental knowledge and eco-label knowledge in understanding ecologically conscious consumer behavior. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30090-9
United Nations Development Programme [UNDP], (2022). The SDGs in Action. Retrieved November 30, 2022 from https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization [UNESCO]. (2021, May 10). What is education for sustainable development? UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/themes/education-sustainable-development/what-is-esd
United Nations. (n.d.). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld/publication
Valencia, M. I. (2018). Introducing education for sustainable development (Esd) in the educational institutions in the Philippines. Journal of Sustainable Development Education and Research, 2(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.17509/jsder.v2i1.12358
Wang, Y. (2016). Modeling predictors of restaurant employees' green behavior: Comparison of six
attitude-behavior models. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 58, 66-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.07.007
Willits, F., Thedori, G., & Luloff, A. (2016). Another look at Likert scales. Journal of Rural Social Sciences, 31. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/jrss/vol31/iss3/6/
Zheng, Q. J., Xu, A. X., Kong, D. Y., Deng, H. P., & Lin, Q. Q. (2018). Correlation between the environmental knowledge, environmental attitude, and behavioral intention of tourists for ecotourism in China. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 16(1), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1601_051062
Zuell, C., & Scholz, E. (2016). 10 points versus 11 points? Effects of Left-right Scale Design in a Cross-national Perspective. Social Science Open Access repository. https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/56779
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Oct 24, 2023
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Santos, L., & Ramirez, C. G. (2023). Effect of Environmental Knowledge and Awareness on Green Behavior: Testing Behavioral Intentions, Environmental Attitude, and Green Commitment as Mediators. The Normal Lights, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.56278/tnl.v16i2.2081
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