Editorial Team
Editor-in-Chief
Dr. Marie Paz E. Morales, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Editorial Board
Dr. Marie Paz E. Morales, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Bert J. Tuga, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Teresita T. Rungduin, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Adonis P. David, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Rosalind Murray-Harvey, Flinders University, Australia
Dr. Gavin Sanderson, University of South Australia, Australia
Dr. Sharon Senk, Michigan State University, USA
Dr. Timothy Teo, University of Auckland, New Zealand
Dr. David Zyngier, Monash University, Australia
Dr. Cuc Thi Kim Nguyen, University of Melbourne, Australia
Dr. Nana Supriatna, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
Dr. Francisco Perlas Dumanig, University of Hawaii, USA
Dr. Sabeeha Hamza Dehham, University of Babylon, Iraq
Prof. Catherine Young, PhD.,M.Ed., B.Ed. (Hons), Course Leader for MA Literacy Programme Development, United Kingdom
Associate Editor
Dr. Caesar P. Palisoc, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Arlyne C. Marasigan, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Teresita T. Rungduin, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Celina P. Sarmiento, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Nina Christina L. Zamora, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Nikolee Marie S. Reyes, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Wensley M. Reyes, Philippine Historical Association, Philippines
Dr. Inero V. Ancho, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines
Editorial Staff
ADMIN STAFF
Jirich P. Baldemoro, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
WEB EDITOR
Patricia Mae C. Purificacion, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
JOURNAL STAFF
Nicole Angela R. Cruz, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
TECHNICAL STAFF
Christine Pearl B. Salimo, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
LAYOUT AND GRAPHIC ARTIST
Mars M. Majul, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Editorial Review Board
Dr. Jessie Png Lay Hoon, National Institute of Education, Singapore
Prof. Kei Koga, School of Social Sciences Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Prof. Madya Dr. Wan Azlinda Binti Wan Mohamed, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia
Dr. Vonzell Agosto, Educational Leadership and Policy Studies University of South Florida, USA
Dr. Reynaldo M. Cacho, Assistant Professor Philippine Normal University-South Luzon, Philippines
Dr. Linda Valli, Professor Emerita, College of Education University of Maryland, USA
Dr. Alejandro Iborra, Hogeschool van Amsterdam, Netherlands
Dr. Sabeeha Hamza Dehham, College of Basic Education University of Babylon, Iraq
Dr. Clive Aspin, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
Dr. Brian D. Joseph, Ohio State University, USA
Dr. James A H Mclellan, MA, BA (Hons), Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei
Dr. Bambang Suryadi, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Indonesia
Dr. Renuka A/p V Sthasivam, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Prof. Jose Mathew P. Luga, University of the Philippines-Baguio, Philippines
Dr. Crist John M. Pastor, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Corey L. M. Keyes, Emory University, USA
Dr. Darwin C. Rungduin, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Philippines
Dr. Wee Hock Ann Lee, Department of English Language & Literature National University of Singapore, Singapore
Dr. Aileen Ng Cheng Cheng, School of Humanities Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Prof. David Michael San Juan, De La Salle University, Philippines
Dr. Vicente Chua Reyes Jr., School of Education University of Queensland, Australia
Associate Prof. Dr. Abdul Halim bin Masnan, Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia
Datin Associate Prof. Dr. Sharifah Norul Akmar Binti Syed Zamri, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Dr. Teresa Ogina, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Dr. Joselito delos Reyes, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Prof. Rodney Jubilado, University of Hawaii, USA
Dr. Samuel Adeyemo, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Dr. Mohamad Termizi Borhan, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
Associate Prof. Dr. Dorothy Dewitt, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Dr. Emil C. Alcantara, Batangas State University, Philippines
Associate Prof. Dr. Ahmad Zabidi Bin Abd, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Prof. Imee C. Acosta, Virginia Commonwealth University in Qatar, Qatar
Dr. Angelito Calma, The University of Melbourne, Australia
Dr. Adonis P. David, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Darin Jan C. Tindowen, University of Saint Louis, Philippines
Dr. Lorelei C. Tabago, Isabela State University, Philippines
Dr. Daryll Ace Cornell, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Philippines
Dr. Stamatios Papadakis, University of Crete, Greek
Dr. Edwehna Elinore S. Paderna, University of the Philippines – Diliman, Philippines
Dr. Sheryl Lyn C. Monterola, University of the Philippines – Diliman, Philippines
Dr. Sterling Plata, De La Salle University, Philippines
Dr. Craig Mertler, Arizona State University, USA
Dr. Francisco Perlas Dumanig, University of Hawaii, USA
Dr. Paolo Nino M. Valdez, De La Salle University – Manila, Philippines
Dr. Eric Friginal, Georgia State University, USA
Dr. Peter Charles Sinclair Taylor, Murdoch University – Australia, Australia
Dr. Betsy Ng, National Institute of Education, Singapore
Dr. Jovito C. Anito, Jose Rizal Memorial State University, Philippines
Dr. Jake M. Laguador, Lyceum of the Philippines University, Philippines
Dr. Feorillo Petronilo A. Demeterio III, De La Salle University, Philippines
Dr. Handjoko Permana, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia
Prof. Anne Pazaver, World Maritime University, Sweden
Dr. Minie Rose Lapinid, De La Salle University, Philippines
Dr. Ronnel King, Hong Kong Institute of Technology, China
Dr. Michael Anthony B. Mantala, University of the Philippines National Institute for Science and Mathematics Education Development, Philippines
Dr. Rodulfo S. Treyes, University of the Philippines National Institute for Science and Mathematics Education Development, Philippines
Dr. Matthew A. Eichler, Texas State University, USA
Dr. Socorro Aguja, De La Salle University, Philippines
Dr. Tae Rim Lee, Korea National Open University, South Korea
Dr. Sayantan Mandal, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, India
Dr. D. Uma Devi, Gayatri Vidya Parashid, College of Engineering, India
Dr. K.P. Joo, Pennsylvania State University, USA
Dr. Milan Pol, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
Dr. Pushpanadham Karanam, The M.S.University of Baroda India, India
Dr. Jomar Empaynado, Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines
Dr. Ines Gil Jaurena, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Spain
Dr. Cesario A. Bacosa, Holy Trinity University, Philippines
Dr. Voltaire Mistades, De La Salle University, Philippines
Dr. Rizaldi C. Nocon, De La Salle - College of St. Benilde, Philippines
Dr. Mohd Asri Mohd Nor, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
Dr. Leonora N. Palansigui, Philippine Women's University, Philippines
Prof. Mae Ran Park, Pukyong National University, South Korea
Dr. Maricar Prudente, De La Salle University, Philippines
Dr. Twila G. Punsalan, AusAID Philippines, Philippines
Dr. Isabel N. Quita, San Francisco State University, USA
Dr. Elizabeth R. Ramos, St. Paul University, Philippines
Dr. Gil Nonato G. Santos, De La Salle University, Philippines
Dr. Sri Harto, S. Pd, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
Dr. Melchor A. Tatlonghari, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Topsie Ruannie F. Tupaz, National Institute of Education, Singapore
Dr. Soledad A. Ulep, University of the Philippines National Institute for Science and Mathematics Education Development, Philippines
Dr. Carlo Magno, National University, Philippines
Dr. Dina S. Ocampo, Department of Education, Philippines
Dr. Nabeel Abedalaziz, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Dr. Adelaida C. Gines, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Leonora Fernandez, Manila Doctors Hospital, Philippines
Dr. Marlene Ferido, University of the Philippines National Institute for Science and Mathematics Education Development, Philippines
Dr. Myrna D. Nicolas, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Dr. Paulo Nino M. Valdez, Philippine Journal of Linguistics, Philippines
Dr. Cecilia M. Mendiola, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Josephine Daguman, Summer Institute of Linguistics, USA
Dr. Haileng Chin, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Dr. Brenda B. Corpuz, Department of Education, Philippines
Dr. Supachai A. Basit, Emilio Aguinaldo College, Philippines
Dr. Mark Charles Baildon, National Institute of Education, Singapore
Prof Madya Dr Mohd Hassan Abdullah, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
Dr. Elvira L. Arellano, West Visayas State University, Philippines
Prof. Dr. Tatang Herman, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
Prof. Madya Dr Raja Nor Safinas Raja Harun, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
Dr. Genaro V. Japos, International Association of Multidisciplinary Research, Philippines
Dr. Auxencia Limjap, Far Eastern University, Philippines
Dr. Aileen Wang, Manila Doctors Hospital, Philippines
Dr. Razak Abd Samad Yahya, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
Dr. Glen R. Mangali, Colegio De San Juan De Letran – Manila, Philippines
Dr. Heidi B. Macahilig, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Judy Cañero Bautista, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Rowena DT. Baconguis, University of the Philippines - Los Baños, Philippines
Prof. Kavitha R V, PES University, India
Prof. Ikhfan Haris, PhD, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia
Daniel Joseph E. Berdida, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Dr. Denis A. Tan, Central Mindanao University, Philippines
Dr. Josephine Luz De Leon-Pineda, Don Honorio Ventura State University, Philippines
Dr. Enriquita Reston, University of San Carlos, Philippines
Dr. Rodney T. Cajimat, Nueva Vizcaya State University - Bambang Campus, Philippines
Associate Prof. Dr. Ahmad Zabidi Bin Abdul Razak, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Ryan V. Lansangan, University of Santo Thomas, Philippines
Associate Prof. Dr. Juliana Binti Othman, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Dr. Cecilia Junio Sabio, Asian Institute for Distance Education, Philippines
Dr. Romiro G. Bautista, Quirino State University, Philippines
Dr. Imee C. Acosta, Virginia Commonwealth University in Qatar, Qatar
Dr. Melissa T. Bartolome, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Jaeriel Rala Bersamina, Department of Education, Philippines
Jan Christian C. Gube, The Education University of Hong Kong, China
Dr. Witawat Jangiam, Università di Bologna, Italy
Massimiliano Tarozzi, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Prof. Rosario Torres-Yu, University of the Philippines, Philippines
Prof. Zion Michal, Bar Ilan University, Israel
Dr. Ira C. Valenzuela, Technological University of the Philippines, Philippines
Prof. Chin Hai-Leng, PhD, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Dr. Milano O. Torres, First Asia Institute of Technology and Humanities, Philippines
Paul Downes, Dublin City University, Ireland
Dr. Venancio Mendiola, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Martin Oliver, UCL Institute of Education, United Kingdom
Dr. Rodney C. Jubilado, University of Hawaii, USA
Dr. Ferdinand Bulusan, Cagayan State University, Philippines
Dr. Von Anthony Torio, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Prof. Nomanesi Madikizela-Madiya, PhD, University of South Africa, South Africa
Dr. Tupas Topsie Ruanni Fernandez, National Institute of Education, Singapore
Dr. Lionel Hock Ann Wee, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Dr. Wilfred V. Espulgar, Osaka University, Japan
Prof. Pee Choon Toh, PhD, National Institute of Education, Singapore
Dr. Victoria Uvas, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Chenee Dino, Far Eastern University, Philippines
Dr. Luigi Saludez, Southern Luzon State University, Philippines
Dr. Rochelle Irene Garcia Lucas, De La Salle University, Philippines
Dr. Arra Q. Abaniel, Ramon Magsaysay State University, Philippines
Dr. Helen Boholano, Cebu Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Maria Azela L. Tamayo, Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City, Philippines
Michaela Jennarine DL. Cruz, Wesleyan University – Philippines, Philippines
Dr. Adelyne C. Abrea, Philippine Normal University – Mindanao, Philippines
Dr. Amcy Esteban, Department of Education – Manila, Philippines
Dr. Bernadeth T. Abequibel, Western Mindanao State University, Philippines
Dr. Louie Dasas, University of Sto. Tomas, Philippines