Editorial Team
Editorial Board
Dr. Marie Paz E. Morales, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Bert J. Tuga, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Teresita T. Rungduin, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Adonis P. David, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Rosalind Murray-Harvey, Flinders University
Dr. Gavin Sanderson, University of South Australia
Dr. Sharon Senk, Michigan State University
Dr. Timothy Teo, University of Auckland
Dr. David Zyngier, Monash University
Dr. Cuc Thi Kim Nguyen, University of Melbourne
Dr. Nana Supriatna, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Dr. Francisco Perlas Dumanig, University of Hawaii
Dr. Sabeeha Hamza Dehham, University of Babylon
Prof. Catherine Young, PhD.,M.Ed., B.Ed. (Hons), Course Leader for MA Literacy Programme Development
Associate Editors
Dr. Caesar P. Palisoc, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Arlyne C. Marasigan, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Teresita T. Rungduin, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Celina P. Sarmiento, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Nina Christina L. Zamora, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Nikolee Marie S. Reyes, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Wensley M. Reyes, Philippine Historical Association
Dr. Inero V. Ancho, University of the Philippines Los Baños
Pool of Reviewers
Dr. Jessie Png Lay Hoon, National Institute of Education
Prof. Kei Koga, School of Social Sciences Nanyang Technological University
Prof. Madya Dr. Wan Azlinda Binti Wan Mohamed, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Dr. Vonzell Agosto, Educational Leadership and Policy Studies University of South Florida
Prof. Reynaldo M. Cacho, Assistant Professor Philippine Normal University-South Luzon
Dr. Linda Valli, Professor Emerita, College of Education University of Maryland
Dr. Alejandro Iborra, Hogeschool van Amsterdam
Dr. Sabeeha Hamza Dehham, College of Basic Education University of Babylon
Dr. Clive Aspin, Victoria University of Wellington
Dr. Brian D. Joseph, Ohio State University
Dr. James A H Mclellan, MA, BA (Hons), Universiti Brunei Darussalam
Dr. Bambang Suryadi, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University
Dr. Renuka A/p V Sthasivam, University of Malaya
Prof. Jose Mathew P. Luga, University of the Philippines-Baguio
Dr. Crist John M. Pastor, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Corey L. M. Keyes, Emory University
Dr. Darwin C. Rungduin, Colegio de San Juan de Letran
Dr. Wee Hock Ann Lee, Department of English Language & Literature National University of Singapore
Dr. Aileen Ng Cheng Cheng, School of Humanities Nanyang Technological University
Prof. David Michael San Juan, De La Salle University
Dr. Vicente Chua Reyes Jr., School of Education University of Queensland
Associate Prof. Dr. Abdul Halim bin Masnan, Sultan Idris Education University
Datin Associate Prof. Dr. Sharifah Norul Akmar Binti Syed Zamri, University of Malaya
Dr. Teresa Ogina, University of Pretoria
Dr. Joselito delos Reyes, University of Santo Tomas
Prof. Rodney Jubilado, University of Hawaii
Dr. Samuel Adeyemo, University of Pretoria
Dr. Mohamad Termizi Borhan, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Associate Prof. Dr. Dorothy Dewitt, University of Malaya
Dr. Emil C. Alcantara, Batangas State University
Associate Prof. Dr. Ahmad Zabidi Bin Abd, University of Malaya
Prof. Imee C. Acosta, Virginia Commonwealth University in Qatar
Dr. Angelito Calma, The University of Melbourne
Dr. Adonis P. David, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Darin Jan C. Tindowen, University of Saint Louis
Dr. Lorelei C. Tabago, Isabela State University
Dr. Daryll Ace Cornell, Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Dr. Stamatios Papadakis, University of Crete
Dr. Edwehna Elinore S. Paderna, University of the Philippines - Diliman
Dr. Sheryl Lyn C. Monterola, University of the Philippines - Diliman
Dr. Sterling Plata, De La Salle University
Dr. Craig Mertler, Arizona State University
Dr. Francisco Perlas Dumanig, University of Hawaii
Dr. Paolo Nino M. Valdez, De La Salle University - Manila
Dr. Eric Friginal, Georgia State University
Dr. Peter Charles Sinclair Taylor, Murdoch University - Australia
Dr. Betsy Ng, National Institute of Education
Dr. Jovito C. Anito, Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Dr. Jake M. Laguador, Lyceum of the Philippines University
Dr. Feorillo Petronilo A. Demeterio III, De La Salle University
Dr. Handjoko Permana, Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Prof. Anne Pazaver, World Maritime University
Dr. Minie Rose Lapinid, De La Salle University
Dr. Ronnel King, Hong Kong Institute of Technology
Dr. Michael Anthony B. Mantala, UPNISMED
Dr. Rodulfo S. Treyes, UPNISMED
Dr. Matthew A. Eichler, Texas State University
Dr. Socorro Aguja, De La Salle University
Dr. Tae Rim Lee, Korea National Open University
Dr. Sayantan Mandal, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu
Dr. D. Uma Devi, Gayatri Vidya Parashid, College of Engineering
Dr. K.P. Joo, Pennsylvania State University
Dr. Milan Pol, Masaryk University
Dr. Pushpanadham Karanam, The M.S.University of Baroda India
Dr. Jomar Empaynado, Ateneo de Manila University
Dr. Ines Gil Jaurena, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia
Dr. Cesario A. Bacosa, Holy Trinity University
Dr. Voltaire Mistades, De La Salle University
Dr. Rizaldi C. Nocon, De La Salle - College of St. Benilde
Dr. Mohd Asri Mohd Nor, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Dr. Leonora N. Palansigui, Philippine Women's University
Prof. Mae Ran Park, Pukyong National University
Dr. Maricar Prudente, De La Salle University
Dr. Twila G. Punsalan, AusAID Philippines
Dr. Isabel N. Quita, San Francisco State University
Dr. Elizabeth R. Ramos, St. Paul University
Dr. Gil Nonato G. Santos, De La Salle University
Dr. Sri Harto, S. Pd, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Dr. Melchor A. Tatlonghari, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Topsie Ruannie F. Tupaz, National Institute of Education
Dr. Soledad A. Ulep, UP-NISMED
Dr. Carlo Magno, National University
Dr. Dina S. Ocampo, Department of Education
Dr. Nabeel Abedalaziz, University of Malaya
Dr. Adelaida C. Gines, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Leonora Fernandez, Manila Doctors Hospital
Dr. Marlene Ferido, UP-NISMED
Dr. Myrna D. Nicolas, University of Santo Tomas
Dr. Paulo Nino M. Valdez, Philippine Journal of Linguistics
Dr. Cecilia M. Mendiola, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Josephine Daguman, Summer Institute of Linguistics
Dr. Haileng Chin, University of Malaya
Dr. Brenda B. Corpuz, Department of Education
Dr. Supachai A. Basit, Emilio Aguinaldo College
Dr. Mark Charles Baildon, National Institute of Education
Prof Madya Dr Mohd Hassan Abdullah, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Dr. Elvira L. Arellano, West Visayas State University
Prof. Dr. Tatang Herman, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Prof. Madya Dr Raja Nor Safinas Raja Harun, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Dr. Genaro V. Japos, International Association of Multidisciplinary Research
Dr. Auxencia Limjap, Far Eastern University
Dr. Aileen Wang, Manila Doctors Hospital
Dr. Razak Abd Samad Yahya, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Dr. Glen R. Mangali, Colegio De San Juan De Letran - Manila
Dr. Heidi B. Macahilig, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Judy Cañero Bautista, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Rowena DT. Baconguis, University of the Philippines - Los Baños
Prof. Kavitha R V, PES University
Prof. Ikhfan Haris, PhD, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
Daniel Joseph E. Berdida, University of Santo Tomas
Dr. Denis A. Tan, Central Mindanao University
Dr. Josephine Luz De Leon-Pineda, Don Honorio Ventura State University
Dr. Enriquita Reston, University of San Carlos
Dr. Rodney T. Cajimat, Nueva Vizcaya State University - Bambang Campus
Associate Prof. Dr. Ahmad Zabidi Bin Abdul Razak, University of Malaya
Ryan V. Lansangan, University of Santo Thomas
Associate Prof. Dr. Juliana Binti Othman, University of Malaya
Dr. Cecilia Junio Sabio, Asian Institute for Distance Education
Dr. Romiro G. Bautista, Quirino State University
Dr. Imee C. Acosta, Virginia Commonwealth University in Qatar
Dr. Melissa T. Bartolome, Philippine Normal University
Jaeriel Rala Bersamina, Department of Education
Jan Christian C. Gube, The Education University of Hong Kong
Dr. Witawat Jangiam, Università di Bologna
Massimiliano Tarozzi, University of Santo Tomas
Prof. Rosario Torres-Yu, University of the Philippines
Prof. Zion Michal, Bar Ilan University
Dr. Ira C. Valenzuela, Technological University of the Philippines
Prof. Chin Hai-Leng, PhD, University of Malaya
Dr. Milano O. Torres, First Asia Institute of Technology and Humanities
Paul Downes, Dublin City University
Dr. Venancio Mendiola, Philippine Normal University
Martin Oliver, UCL Institute of Education
Dr. Rodney C. Jubilado, University of Hawaii
Dr. Ferdinand Bulusan, Cagayan State University
Dr. Von Anthony Torio, Philippine Normal University
Prof. Nomanesi Madikizela-Madiya, PhD, University of South Africa
Dr. Tupas Topsie Ruanni Fernandez, National Institute of Education
Dr. Lionel Hock Ann Wee, National University of Singapore
Dr. Wilfred V. Espulgar, Osaka University
Prof. Pee Choon Toh, PhD, National Institute of Education
Dr. Victoria Uvas, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Chenee Dino, Far Eastern University
Dr. Luigi Saludez, Southern Luzon State University
Dr. Rochelle Irene Garcia Lucas, De La Salle University
Dr. Arra Q. Abaniel, Ramon Magsaysay State University
Dr. Helen Boholano, Cebu Normal University
Dr. Maria Azela L. Tamayo, Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City
Michaela Jennarine DL. Cruz, Wesleyan University - Philippines
Dr. Adelyne C. Abrea, Philippine Normal University - Mindanao
Dr. Amcy Esteban, Public Schools District Supervisor
Dr. Bernadeth T. Abequibel, Western Mindanao State University
Dr. Louie Dasas, University of Sto. Tomas
EDITORIAL STAFF
ADMIN STAFF
Jirich P. Baldemoro, Philippine Normal University
WEB EDITOR
Patricia Mae C. Purificacion, Philippine Normal University
JOURNAL STAFF
Nicole Angela R. Cruz, Philippine Normal University
TECHNICAL STAFF
Christine Pearl B. Salimo, Philippine Normal University
LAYOUT AND GRAPHIC ARTIST
Mars M. Majul, Philippine Normal University