About the Journal
About the Journal
The Normal Lights (TNL) is a peer-reviewed education and educational innovation and development journal. TNL aims to publish original research papers in the domain of education, which may be but is not limited to, the following areas: Teacher education, theories of education, sociology of education, curriculum, assessment, technology, innovations, Action Research, education in the non-formal context, and governance in education. Education theories may cover the following sub-fields: Scholarship of teaching, learning, and assessment; educational administration and strategy; learning courses; and science and technology education. The journal emphasizes systematic inquiry and bridging the gap between theory and practice in education and different educational systems.
Specifically, the journal intends to:
- Promote understanding of issues in education through the publication of high-quality empirical research articles and theoretical papers/articles;
- Provide an avenue for education researchers and practitioners to disseminate their critical perspectives on the current trends, problems, and challenges in this field and related fields
- Foster the contribution of education to society.
The journal encourages submissions across all levels of education throughout the learner's lifespan. It also accepts articles written in the Philippine national language or Filipino.
Focus and Scope
The Normal Lights is a peer-reviewed education, educational innovation, and development journal. Its mission is to rationalize and bridge the gap between theory and practice in educational systems in the Philippines and beyond.
The Normal Lights intends to:
- Promote understanding of issues on education and development through the publication of empirical quantitative and qualitative research articles and scholarly essays, both methodologically or theoretically innovative.
- Provide an avenue for education researchers and practitioners to debate current trends, problems, and challenges in this field.
- Offer a national, regional, and global perspective of education and development in the Philippines, Asia, and other parts of the world.
Please read our Review Criteria and Instructions to Authors for further information.
Usage
- 110,632 article views and 77,658 article downloads (January to December 2023)
- 2473 Users (August 2024)
Google Citation
- h-index: 14
- i10 index: 23
- Total citations: 980
Speed/acceptance
- 44 days avg. from submission to first decision
- 162 days avg. from submission to first post-review decision
- 23 days avg. from acceptance to publication
- 10% acceptance rate
Editorial Board
Editor-in-Chief
Dr. Marie Paz E. Morales, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Editorial Board
Dr. Marie Paz E. Morales, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Bert J. Tuga, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Teresita T. Rungduin, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Adonis P. David, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Rosalind Murray-Harvey, Flinders University, Australia
Dr. Gavin Sanderson, University of South Australia, Australia
Dr. Sharon Senk, Michigan State University, USA
Dr. Timothy Teo, University of Auckland, New Zealand
Dr. David Zyngier, Monash University, Australia
Dr. Cuc Thi Kim Nguyen, University of Melbourne, Australia
Dr. Nana Supriatna, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
Dr. Francisco Perlas Dumanig, University of Hawaii, USA
Dr. Sabeeha Hamza Dehham, University of Babylon, Iraq
Prof. Catherine Young, PhD.,M.Ed., B.Ed. (Hons), Course Leader for MA Literacy Programme Development, United Kingdom
Associate Editor
Dr. Caesar P. Palisoc, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Arlyne C. Marasigan, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Teresita T. Rungduin, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Celina P. Sarmiento, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Nina Christina L. Zamora, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Nikolee Marie S. Reyes, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Wensley M. Reyes, Philippine Historical Association, Philippines
Dr. Inero V. Ancho, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines
Editorial Staff
ADMIN STAFF
Jirich P. Baldemoro, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
WEB EDITOR
Patricia Mae C. Purificacion, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
JOURNAL STAFF
Nicole Angela R. Cruz, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
TECHNICAL STAFF
Christine Pearl B. Salimo, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
LAYOUT AND GRAPHIC ARTIST
Mars M. Majul, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Editorial Review Board
Dr. Jessie Png Lay Hoon, National Institute of Education, Singapore
Prof. Kei Koga, School of Social Sciences Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Prof. Madya Dr. Wan Azlinda Binti Wan Mohamed, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia
Dr. Vonzell Agosto, Educational Leadership and Policy Studies University of South Florida, USA
Prof. Reynaldo M. Cacho, Assistant Professor Philippine Normal University-South Luzon, Philippines
Dr. Linda Valli, Professor Emerita, College of Education University of Maryland, USA
Dr. Alejandro Iborra, Hogeschool van Amsterdam, Netherlands
Dr. Sabeeha Hamza Dehham, College of Basic Education University of Babylon, Iraq
Dr. Clive Aspin, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
Dr. Brian D. Joseph, Ohio State University, USA
Dr. James A H Mclellan, MA, BA (Hons), Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei
Dr. Bambang Suryadi, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Indonesia
Dr. Renuka A/p V Sthasivam, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Prof. Jose Mathew P. Luga, University of the Philippines-Baguio, Philippines
Dr. Crist John M. Pastor, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Corey L. M. Keyes, Emory University, USA
Dr. Darwin C. Rungduin, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Philippines
Dr. Wee Hock Ann Lee, Department of English Language & Literature National University of Singapore, Singapore
Dr. Aileen Ng Cheng Cheng, School of Humanities Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Prof. David Michael San Juan, De La Salle University, Philippines
Dr. Vicente Chua Reyes Jr., School of Education University of Queensland, Australia
Associate Prof. Dr. Abdul Halim bin Masnan, Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia
Datin Associate Prof. Dr. Sharifah Norul Akmar Binti Syed Zamri, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Dr. Teresa Ogina, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Dr. Joselito delos Reyes, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Prof. Rodney Jubilado, University of Hawaii, USA
Dr. Samuel Adeyemo, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Dr. Mohamad Termizi Borhan, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
Associate Prof. Dr. Dorothy Dewitt, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Dr. Emil C. Alcantara, Batangas State University, Philippines
Associate Prof. Dr. Ahmad Zabidi Bin Abd, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Prof. Imee C. Acosta, Virginia Commonwealth University in Qatar, Qatar
Dr. Angelito Calma, The University of Melbourne, Australia
Dr. Adonis P. David, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Darin Jan C. Tindowen, University of Saint Louis, Philippines
Dr. Lorelei C. Tabago, Isabela State University, Philippines
Dr. Daryll Ace Cornell, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Philippines
Dr. Stamatios Papadakis, University of Crete, Greek
Dr. Edwehna Elinore S. Paderna, University of the Philippines – Diliman, Philippines
Dr. Sheryl Lyn C. Monterola, University of the Philippines – Diliman, Philippines
Dr. Sterling Plata, De La Salle University, Philippines
Dr. Craig Mertler, Arizona State University, USA
Dr. Francisco Perlas Dumanig, University of Hawaii, USA
Dr. Paolo Nino M. Valdez, De La Salle University – Manila, Philippines
Dr. Eric Friginal, Georgia State University, USA
Dr. Peter Charles Sinclair Taylor, Murdoch University – Australia, Australia
Dr. Betsy Ng, National Institute of Education, Singapore
Dr. Jovito C. Anito, Jose Rizal Memorial State University, Philippines
Dr. Jake M. Laguador, Lyceum of the Philippines University, Philippines
Dr. Feorillo Petronilo A. Demeterio III, De La Salle University, Philippines
Dr. Handjoko Permana, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia
Prof. Anne Pazaver, World Maritime University, Sweden
Dr. Minie Rose Lapinid, De La Salle University, Philippines
Dr. Ronnel King, Hong Kong Institute of Technology, China
Dr. Michael Anthony B. Mantala, UPNISMED, Philippines
Dr. Rodulfo S. Treyes, UPNISMED, Philippines
Dr. Matthew A. Eichler, Texas State University, USA
Dr. Socorro Aguja, De La Salle University, Philippines
Dr. Tae Rim Lee, Korea National Open University, South Korea
Dr. Sayantan Mandal, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, India
Dr. D. Uma Devi, Gayatri Vidya Parashid, College of Engineering, India
Dr. K.P. Joo, Pennsylvania State University, USA
Dr. Milan Pol, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
Dr. Pushpanadham Karanam, The M.S.University of Baroda India, India
Dr. Jomar Empaynado, Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines
Dr. Ines Gil Jaurena, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Spain
Dr. Cesario A. Bacosa, Holy Trinity University, Philippines
Dr. Voltaire Mistades, De La Salle University, Philippines
Dr. Rizaldi C. Nocon, De La Salle - College of St. Benilde, Philippines
Dr. Mohd Asri Mohd Nor, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
Dr. Leonora N. Palansigui, Philippine Women's University, Philippines
Prof. Mae Ran Park, Pukyong National University, South Korea
Dr. Maricar Prudente, De La Salle University, Philippines
Dr. Twila G. Punsalan, AusAID Philippines, Philippines
Dr. Isabel N. Quita, San Francisco State University, USA
Dr. Elizabeth R. Ramos, St. Paul University, Philippines
Dr. Gil Nonato G. Santos, De La Salle University, Philippines
Dr. Sri Harto, S. Pd, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
Dr. Melchor A. Tatlonghari, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Topsie Ruannie F. Tupaz, National Institute of Education, Singapore
Dr. Soledad A. Ulep, UP-NISMED, Philippines
Dr. Carlo Magno, National University, Philippines
Dr. Dina S. Ocampo, Department of Education, Philippines
Dr. Nabeel Abedalaziz, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Dr. Adelaida C. Gines, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Leonora Fernandez, Manila Doctors Hospital, Philippines
Dr. Marlene Ferido, UP-NISMED, Philippines
Dr. Myrna D. Nicolas, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Dr. Paulo Nino M. Valdez, Philippine Journal of Linguistics, Philippines
Dr. Cecilia M. Mendiola, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Josephine Daguman, Summer Institute of Linguistics, USA
Dr. Haileng Chin, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Dr. Brenda B. Corpuz, Department of Education, Philippines
Dr. Supachai A. Basit, Emilio Aguinaldo College, Philippines
Dr. Mark Charles Baildon, National Institute of Education, Singapore
Prof Madya Dr Mohd Hassan Abdullah, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
Dr. Elvira L. Arellano, West Visayas State University, Philippines
Prof. Dr. Tatang Herman, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
Prof. Madya Dr Raja Nor Safinas Raja Harun, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
Dr. Genaro V. Japos, International Association of Multidisciplinary Research, Philippines
Dr. Auxencia Limjap, Far Eastern University, Philippines
Dr. Aileen Wang, Manila Doctors Hospital, Philippines
Dr. Razak Abd Samad Yahya, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
Dr. Glen R. Mangali, Colegio De San Juan De Letran – Manila, Philippines
Dr. Heidi B. Macahilig, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Judy Cañero Bautista, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Rowena DT. Baconguis, University of the Philippines - Los Baños, Philippines
Prof. Kavitha R V, PES University, India
Prof. Ikhfan Haris, PhD, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia
Daniel Joseph E. Berdida, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Dr. Denis A. Tan, Central Mindanao University, Philippines
Dr. Josephine Luz De Leon-Pineda, Don Honorio Ventura State University, Philippines
Dr. Enriquita Reston, University of San Carlos, Philippines
Dr. Rodney T. Cajimat, Nueva Vizcaya State University - Bambang Campus, Philippines
Associate Prof. Dr. Ahmad Zabidi Bin Abdul Razak, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Ryan V. Lansangan, University of Santo Thomas, Philippines
Associate Prof. Dr. Juliana Binti Othman, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Dr. Cecilia Junio Sabio, Asian Institute for Distance Education, Philippines
Dr. Romiro G. Bautista, Quirino State University, Philippines
Dr. Imee C. Acosta, Virginia Commonwealth University in Qatar, Qatar
Dr. Melissa T. Bartolome, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Jaeriel Rala Bersamina, Department of Education, Philippines
Jan Christian C. Gube, The Education University of Hong Kong, China
Dr. Witawat Jangiam, Università di Bologna, Italy
Massimiliano Tarozzi, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Prof. Rosario Torres-Yu, University of the Philippines, Philippines
Prof. Zion Michal, Bar Ilan University, Israel
Dr. Ira C. Valenzuela, Technological University of the Philippines, Philippines
Prof. Chin Hai-Leng, PhD, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Dr. Milano O. Torres, First Asia Institute of Technology and Humanities, Philippines
Paul Downes, Dublin City University, Ireland
Dr. Venancio Mendiola, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Martin Oliver, UCL Institute of Education, United Kingdom
Dr. Rodney C. Jubilado, University of Hawaii, USA
Dr. Ferdinand Bulusan, Cagayan State University, Philippines
Dr. Von Anthony Torio, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Prof. Nomanesi Madikizela-Madiya, PhD, University of South Africa, South Africa
Dr. Tupas Topsie Ruanni Fernandez, National Institute of Education, Singapore
Dr. Lionel Hock Ann Wee, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Dr. Wilfred V. Espulgar, Osaka University, Japan
Prof. Pee Choon Toh, PhD, National Institute of Education, Singapore
Dr. Victoria Uvas, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Chenee Dino, Far Eastern University, Philippines
Dr. Luigi Saludez, Southern Luzon State University, Philippines
Dr. Rochelle Irene Garcia Lucas, De La Salle University, Philippines
Dr. Arra Q. Abaniel, Ramon Magsaysay State University, Philippines
Dr. Helen Boholano, Cebu Normal University, Philippines
Dr. Maria Azela L. Tamayo, Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City, Philippines
Michaela Jennarine DL. Cruz, Wesleyan University – Philippines, Philippines
Dr. Adelyne C. Abrea, Philippine Normal University – Mindanao, Philippines
Dr. Amcy Esteban, Department of Education - Manila, Philippines
Dr. Bernadeth T. Abequibel, Western Mindanao State University, Philippines
Dr. Louie Dasas, University of Sto. Tomas, Philippines
Abstracting and Indexing
1. Andrew Gonzales Philippine Citation Index
2. EBSCO
4. Crossref
Publishing Schedule
Articles in this journal are published bi-annually (every June and December).
The journal publishes two (2) issues per year: No. 1 issue for January to June and No. 2 issue for July to December.
Publication Details
Print ISSN: 1656-4413
Online EISSN: 2350-6733
2 online issues and 2 print issues
Special Issues
Special Issues are curated collections of articles centered on a timely and significant topic that closely aligns with the aims and scope of TNL. These issues are expected to attract sufficient high-quality papers to warrant a dedicated issue. Special Issues are edited either by the Co-Editors-in-Chief or Guest Editors.
How can I propose a Special Issue?
If you are interested in proposing a Special Issue for The Normal Lights, please complete a Special Issue Proposal Form.
Access and Publishing Model
As part of the ongoing changes in scientific publishing, the journal follows an open-access publishing model that aims to increase the readership, reach, and impact of published research through an open-access system using PKP’s Open Journal System.
With an open-access platform, authors are assured of the following benefits:
- Enhance the visibility and readership of your article
- Create an impact and attract new readers
- Share your work freely with anyone, anywhere
- Fulfill funding mandates and meet the requirements of your institution, employer, or sponsor
- Thorough peer review for every open-access article
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Instructions to Authors for TNL Journal
Please click here to check the detailed instructions to authors when preparing the manuscript for submission.
Checklist: What to Include
1. Author details. Please ensure all listed authors meet the authorship criteria spelled out in the Details on authorship. All authors of a manuscript should include their full name and affiliation on the cover page of the manuscript. Where available, please also include ORCiDs. One author will need to be identified as the corresponding author, with their email address normally displayed in the article PDF (depending on the journal) and the online article. Authors’ affiliations are the affiliations where the research was conducted. If any of the named co-authors change affiliations during the peer-review process, the new affiliation can be given as a footnote. Please note that no changes to affiliation can be made after your paper is accepted.
Please fill out the Author’s Declaration and Contributions Form.
2. Statements and Declarations (Please include these items after the manuscript before the reference section.)
2.1. Funding details. Please supply all details required by your funding and grant-awarding bodies as follows:
For single-agency grants:
This work was supported by the [Funding Agency] under Grant [number xxxx].
For multiple agency grants:
This work was supported by [Funding Agency #1] under Grant [number xxxx]; [Funding Agency #2] under Grant [number xxxx], and [Funding Agency #3] under Grant [number xxxx].
2.2. Disclosure statement. This is to acknowledge any financial or non-financial interest arising from your research's direct application. If there are no relevant competing interests to declare, please state this within the article: The authors report no competing interests to declare.
2.3. Acknowledgment: A one- to two-line statement of appreciation for other services from organizations or individuals. (Please check acknowledgement section in details on authorship)
2.4. Ethical Approval: A statement declaring the ethical approval of the research and a declaration of the ethics approval code.
2.5. Declaration of Generative AI in scientific writing
Guidelines for Declaring the Use of Generative AI in Scientific Writing:
These guidelines focus solely on the writing process and not on using AI tools for data analysis in research. Authors should prioritize enhancing readability and language when utilizing generative artificial intelligence (AI) or AI-assisted technologies during writing. However, it's crucial to exercise human oversight and control, reviewing and editing the output due to AI's potential to generate authoritative yet inaccurate, incomplete, or biased content.
Authorship and Citation: Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies should not be credited as authors or co-authors or cited as authors. Authorship responsibilities and tasks are inherently human and are detailed in our AI policy for authors.
Disclosure Instructions: Authors using generative AI must disclose this in their manuscript. A statement in a dedicated section titled 'Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process' should outline the tool or service used for the purpose and affirm the author's responsibility for content accuracy. Basic tools for grammar, spelling, and references are exempt from this disclosure.
Sample Statement: During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the publication's content.
This declaration does not apply to basic tools for checking grammar, spelling, references, etc. There is no need to add a statement if there is nothing to disclose.
Peer Review Process and Ethics
1. Criteria for Publication
Publication in this journal is free of charge. The Philippine National Center for Teacher Education covers all expenses associated with article processing. Preference is given to articles aligned with the journal's identified themes. The submitted article is expected to follow the prescribed manuscript format and submission procedures. Evidence shows that the article is scholarly, discusses a timely topic, and could connect with the journal's target audience.
2. Review Mechanics
The refereeing system shall adopt a three-stage evaluation process: initial appraisal, double-blind peer review, and Editorial Board evaluation.
2.1. The Publication Team will appraise each submitted manuscript upon receipt. Each initial appraisal will include a plagiarism check, a technical review regarding the number of words, adherence to the journal format, a statement of declaration, ethics approval, and AI detection. This process will ensure that each manuscript fits the objectives and standards of the journal. It will establish the manuscript’s significance, technical soundness, and originality (the similarity index should not exceed 10%). The result of the initial appraisal will be endorsed for the Editor’s review based on scope, novelty, and relevance to the national and international community; completeness of parts; and authenticity and quality of references. The result of the Editor’s review will determine whether the manuscript will be endorsed for a peer review or returned to the author(s) for revision. The author is given two to four weeks to revise the manuscript, depending on the quality and completeness of the revisions required.
2.2. After revising the manuscripts following the initial appraisal and completing and submitting them with comprehensive and signed commitment forms, the Editorial Board sends them to double-blind refereeing. At least two peer reviewers, determined by the Editorial Board, are given, at most, one month to evaluate the manuscripts. Comments and suggestions resulting from the refereeing are reviewed by the Editor(s) and are consolidated and sent to the authors for appropriate action. The author(s) are given two (2) to four (4) weeks to revise and resubmit the manuscript.
2.3. The revised manuscript shall undergo final scrutiny by the Editorial Board. This process ensures that the peer reviewers’ suggestions are incorporated into the manuscript, on which the acceptance for publication of the proposed article is contingent.
2.4. Accepted papers for publication are then subjected to final language editing. When ready, proofs are sent to the author(s) for his/her/their final review. The author(s) are expected to return the proofs within a week. Failure of the author(s) to send feedback within said time implies acceptance of proofs without corrections. A camera-ready copy of the article will be sent to the Web Editor for uploading online.
The following summary describes the peer review process for this journal:
Identity transparency: double anonymized
Reviewer interacts with: Editor
Review information published: none
Publication Ethics
The publication of an article in a peer-reviewed journal is a crucial step in disseminating knowledge and contributing to scientific development. As a peer-reviewed journal, the rigor of scientific publication is expected to be observed in the course of evaluating papers that are submitted. Therefore, ethical behavior is expected of all parties involved in the publishing process: the author, the journal editor, the peer reviewer, and the publisher.
Please check the Publication Ethics available on our website to read the duties of authors, editors, and reviewers according to the Omnia Publisher Publication Ethics Statement and COPE.
Open Access Policy
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global knowledge exchange.
Revenue sources
Publication in this journal is free of charge. The Philippine Normal University supports all expenses incurred for article processing.
Copyright Notice
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Author(s) retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Author(s) can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Author(s) are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Advertising Policy
Upon publication of a manuscript, the author(s) are enjoined to submit an entry to the PNU SINAG (Showcasing Interesting and Notable Academic Genres) program for an official advertisement of their published article in the university's social media accounts. Refer to this link for the guidelines in PNU SINAG.
Other advertising strategies and programs of the publication office include posting article alerts and video abstracts on its social media platform.
About the Publishing System
This journal uses Open Journal Systems 3.3.0.8, an open-source journal management and publishing software developed, supported, and freely distributed by the Public Knowledge Project under the GNU General Public License.
Archiving
This journal utilizes the LOCKSS system to create a distributed archiving system among participating libraries. It permits those libraries to create permanent archives of the journal for purposes of preservation and restoration. More...
Publisher
The Publication Office, Philippine Normal University
Address: Philippine Normal University, Taft Avenue, Manila, Philippines 1000
Phone: (+632) 5317 1768 local 530
Email: po@pnu.edu.ph
Editorial Office
Address: Room 202, Orata Building, Philippine Normal University, Manila, Philippines 1000
Phone: (+632) 5317 1768 local 530
Email: po@pnu.edu.ph
Queries
Should you have any queries, please contact us at po@pnu.edu.ph or tnl@pnu.edu.ph.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Updated August 12, 2024