Reading Strategies Used by Elementary Students When Comprehending Digital Texts
Main Article Content
Keywords
Abstract
Filipino youths are shifting away from reading printed texts in the 21st century as more information becomes accessible via the Internet. This study aims to determine the digital reading comprehension levels of Grade six pupils, their use of online reading strategies, and whether proficient and less proficient digital readers use different reading strategies. One hundred seventy-four sixth-grade students at a public elementary school in Naga City, Philippines, took digital reading comprehension and strategy-use tests during the 2019-2020 academic year to achieve this purpose. Of the three types of online reading strategies (global, problem-solving, and support), the elementary students reported employing more support strategies than the other types. Moreover, proficient digital readers highly use reading strategies across the three types, while less-proficient digital readers employ the strategies moderately. However, most participants showed a lack of proficiency in digital reading skills. It is recommended that literacy teachers teach the judicious use of online reading strategies to assist elementary students in comprehending digital texts.
Publication History
Version of Record online: December 27, 2022
Manuscript accepted: December 19, 2022
Manuscript revised: December 15, 2022
Manuscript received: July 3, 2022
References
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Boudreaux, M. K. (2016). Survey of developmental students’ print and online metacognitive reading. Educational Research Quarterly, 39(3), 3-22.
Chang, A. C., & Millett, S. (2015). Improving reading rates and comprehension through audio-assisted extensive reading for beginner learners. System, 52, 91-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2015.05.003
Chen, L. (2015). Taiwanese EFL learners’ perceived use of online reading strategies. The IAFOR Journal of Education, 3(2), 68-80. https://doi.org/10.22492/ije.3.2.04
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De Leon, J. A., & Tarrayo, V. N. (2014). ‘Cyber’ reading in L2: Online reading strategies of students in a Philippine public high school. i-manager’s Journal on English Language Teaching, 4(2), 8-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jelt.4.2.2793
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Pado, F., Diaz, L., Ongtengco, M. H., Alcazar, M. Y., Salvador, A. M., & Nava, F. J. (2018). The Philippine
Informal Reading Inventory Manual 2018 (1st ed.). Department of Education- Philippines.
Pardede, P. (2019). Print vs. digital reading comprehension in EFL. Journal of English Teaching, 5(2), 77-90. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1266161.pdf
Readworks.org. (2020). Reading comprehension instruction that works. https://www.readworks.org/
Recamara, J. (2018). Philippine informal reading inventory performances of elementary graders: Keystone for innovative 21st-century reading intervention program. International Journal of Current Research, 10(9), 73492-73497. https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.32339.09.2018
Rianto, A. (2021). Exploring correlation between metacognitive online reading strategy use and online reading comprehension of EFL students. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 23(2) Article 14.
Rivera, J., & Taglucop, L. (2019). Improving reading comprehension of students through reciprocal reading: The case of Canitoan National High School. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 46(2), 83-96. https://www.gssrr.org/index.php/JournalOfBasicAndApplied/article/view/10049/4373
Scholastic (2021). Lexile levels: What parents need to know. https://www.scholastic.com/parents/books-andreading/reading-resources/book-selection-tips/lexilelevels-made-easy.html
Tupe, B. A., & Padilla, P. P. (2011). Metacognitive strategy instruction and bilingual readers’ comprehension of expository texts. The RAP Journal, 34(1). Retrieved from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=7069
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Weekly Reader Corporation. (2009). Tiger watch. ReadWorks. https://www.readworks.org/article/TigerWatch/aaa424ee-d4dd-4832-ad73-e655d5640032#!articleTab:content/
Ziegler, A. (2019). The effect of students’ reading digital text versus print text on comprehension. Minnesota State University Moorhead [Master’s thesis]. https://red.mnstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1190&context=thesi
Ahmadian, M., & Pasand, P. A. (2017). EFL learners’ use of online metacognitive reading strategies and its relation to their self-efficacy in reading. The Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 17(2), 117-132. http://www.readingmatrix.com/files/17-097to04m.pdf
Anderson, N. J. (2003). Scrolling, clicking and reading English: Online reading strategies in a second/foreign language. Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 3(3), 1-33.
Boudreaux, M. K. (2016). Survey of developmental students’ print and online metacognitive reading. Educational Research Quarterly, 39(3), 3-22.
Chang, A. C., & Millett, S. (2015). Improving reading rates and comprehension through audio-assisted extensive reading for beginner learners. System, 52, 91-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2015.05.003
Chen, L. (2015). Taiwanese EFL learners’ perceived use of online reading strategies. The IAFOR Journal of Education, 3(2), 68-80. https://doi.org/10.22492/ije.3.2.04
Childhope-Philippines (2021). The current education issues in the Philippines – and how Childhope rises to the challenge. https://childhope.org.ph/education-issues-in-the-philippines/
Cope, B., & Kalantzis, M. (2009). “Multiliteracies:” New literacies, new learning. Pedagogies: An International Journal, 4(3), 164-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/15544800903076044
De Leon, J. A., & Tarrayo, V. N. (2014). ‘Cyber’ reading in L2: Online reading strategies of students in a Philippine public high school. i-manager’s Journal on English Language Teaching, 4(2), 8-17. https://doi.org/10.26634/jelt.4.2.2793
Department of Education - Philippines. (2017). DepEd computerization program capacitates learners,
teachers for 21st century. https://deped.gov.ph/press-releases/deped-computerization-programcapacitates-learners-teachers-21st-century
Edmonds, W. A., & Kennedy, T. (2017). An applied guide to research designs. Sage Publications, Inc.
Estremera, M., & Estremera, G. (2018). Factors affecting the reading comprehension of grade six pupils in the City Division of Sorsogon, Philippines as basis for the development of instructional material. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, 5(3), 72-78. https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=16585
Farid, H. (2015). How do airplanes fly? Readworks. https://www.readworks.org/article/How-Do-Airplanes-Fly/ee51c302-912c-4190-8ca7-63a9c95c881b#!articleTab:content/
Ghaith, G., & El-Sanyoura, H. (2019). Reading comprehen sion: The mediating role of metacognitive strategies. Reading in a Foreign Language, 31(1), 19-43.
Horning, A. (2012). Reading, writing, and digitizing: Understanding literacy in the electronic age. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Islam, M. S., Rahman, M. S., & Haque, E. (2015). Exploring awareness of online reading strategies used by EFL learners in a developing country: A study on undergraduate students in Bangladesh. International Journal on E-Learning, 14(1), 29-54. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/40649/
Jewitt, C. (2005). Multimodality, “reading,” and “writing” for the 21st century. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 6(3), 315-331.
Khreisat, M. H. (2022). Investigating metacognitive reading strategy awareness of Saudi tertiary students: Comparisons of gender, reading ability and year level. 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 28(2), 122-139. http://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2022-2802-09
Kilestes, F. L. B. (2018). Metacognitive awareness on reading strategies and information literacy skills of senior high school students. Tin-aw Graduate School Book of Abstracts, 2(1). https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=13630
Köse, N., & Gϋnes, F. (2021). Undergraduate students’ use of metacognitive strategies while reading and the relationship between strategy use and reading comprehension skills. Journal of Education and Learning, 10(2), 99-108. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v10n2p99
Kress, G. (2004). Reading images: Multimodality, representation, and new media. Information Design Journal + Document Design, 12(2), 110-119.
Manitoba Filipino Journal (2021). DepEd launches program to revive interest in reading. https://filipinojournal.com/deped-launches-program-to-revive-interest-in reading/
McGuire, S. Y., & McGuire, S. (2015). Teach students how to learn: Strategies you can incorporate into any course to improve student metacognition, study skills, and motivation. Stylus Publishing.
Mokharti, K., & Sheorey, R. (2002). Measuring ESL students’ awareness of reading strategies. Journal of Development Education, 25(3), 2-10. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ645740
Mukhlif, Z., & Amir, Z. (2017). Investigating the metacognitive online reading strategies employed by Iraqi EFL undergraduate students. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2945916
OECD Programme for International Student Assessment – PISA (2018). Philippines: Key findings. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/publications/PISA2018_CN_PHL.pdf
Oxford, R. L. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. Heinle & Heinle.
Pado, F., Diaz, L., Ongtengco, M. H., Alcazar, M. Y., Salvador, A. M., & Nava, F. J. (2018). The Philippine
Informal Reading Inventory Manual 2018 (1st ed.). Department of Education- Philippines.
Pardede, P. (2019). Print vs. digital reading comprehension in EFL. Journal of English Teaching, 5(2), 77-90. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1266161.pdf
Readworks.org. (2020). Reading comprehension instruction that works. https://www.readworks.org/
Recamara, J. (2018). Philippine informal reading inventory performances of elementary graders: Keystone for innovative 21st-century reading intervention program. International Journal of Current Research, 10(9), 73492-73497. https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.32339.09.2018
Rianto, A. (2021). Exploring correlation between metacognitive online reading strategy use and online reading comprehension of EFL students. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 23(2) Article 14.
Rivera, J., & Taglucop, L. (2019). Improving reading comprehension of students through reciprocal reading: The case of Canitoan National High School. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 46(2), 83-96. https://www.gssrr.org/index.php/JournalOfBasicAndApplied/article/view/10049/4373
Scholastic (2021). Lexile levels: What parents need to know. https://www.scholastic.com/parents/books-andreading/reading-resources/book-selection-tips/lexilelevels-made-easy.html
Tupe, B. A., & Padilla, P. P. (2011). Metacognitive strategy instruction and bilingual readers’ comprehension of expository texts. The RAP Journal, 34(1). Retrieved from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=7069
United Nations (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. https://www.un-.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_70_1_E.pdf
Weekly Reader Corporation. (2009). Tiger watch. ReadWorks. https://www.readworks.org/article/TigerWatch/aaa424ee-d4dd-4832-ad73-e655d5640032#!articleTab:content/
Ziegler, A. (2019). The effect of students’ reading digital text versus print text on comprehension. Minnesota State University Moorhead [Master’s thesis]. https://red.mnstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1190&context=thesi
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Published
Dec 27, 2022
Article Details
How to Cite
Tan, J. (2022). Reading Strategies Used by Elementary Students When Comprehending Digital Texts. The Normal Lights, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.56278/tnl.v16i2.1731
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Research Article
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