Exploring Parental Involvement in Early Childhood Education in Philippines: A Case Study
Main Article Content
Keywords
Early childhood education, kindergarten, parental involvement, stakeholders' perspectives
Abstract
Despite the attempt to increase parental involvement (PI) in school, there is a gap in understanding it from stakeholders' perspectives. This descriptive case study explored PI in early childhood education in Philippines from kindergarten stakeholders' perspectives. This study employed two phases: phase 1 focused on document analysis and phase 2 on the interview of stakeholders, in which purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 65 participants. Data from the two phases went through content and thematic analysis. The findings revealed four themes: 1) meaningful home-school interaction; 2) collective in-school engagement; 3) structured at-home learning support; and 4) refining stakeholders' capacity. These findings underscore the significance of strong PI and the need for crafting policies that will set guidelines for smooth implementation of programs and increase stakeholders' school engagement. This study requires further investigation in understanding PI focusing on the viewpoints of various stakeholders within the different regions of the country to validate its findings.
References
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Bæck, U. D. K. (2010). Parental involvement practices in formalized home-school cooperation. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 54(6), 549–563. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2010.522845
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Cagdas, A., Ozel, E., & Konca, A. S. (2016). Investigating parental involvement at beginning of elementary school. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 12(4), 891–908. https://doi.org/1304-9496
Cobano-Delgado, V. (2015). Parent participation in the Spanish school system: School councils. International Education Studies, 8(11), 156–161. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n11p156
Chindanya, A. (2011). Parental involvement in primary schools: A case study of the Zaka District of Zimbabwe. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods approaches. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2
Department of Education (DepEd). (2016). DepEd memo 35 series of 2016: Implementing Brigada Eskwela. Retrieved from www.deped.com.ph
Dor, A. (2012). Parents' involvement in school: Attitudes of
Teachers and School Counselors. US-China Education Review, 11, 921–935. https://doi.org/1548-6613
Echaune, M., Ndiku, J. M., & Sang, A. (2015). Parental involvement in homework and primary school academic performance in Kenya. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(9), 46–54. Retrieved from www.iiste.org
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Gül, I., & Aslan, D. (2016). The evaluation of school, family and community relations of teachers in terms of their views. Journal of the Faculty of Education, 17(3), 203–218. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.17392889
Hakyemez, S. (2015). Turkish early childhood educators on parental involvement. European Educational Research Journal, 14(1), 100–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474904114565152
Heath, D., Maghrabi, R., & Carr, N. (2015). Implications of information and communication technologies (ICT) for school-home communication. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 14, 363-395. Retrieved from http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol14/JITEv14ResearchP363-395Heath1876.pdf
Hourani, R. B., Stringer, P., & Baker, F. (2012). Constraints and subsequent limitations to parental involvement in primary schools in Abu Dhabi: Stakeholders' perspectives. School Community Journal, 22(2), 131-160. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1361845858?accountid=14609
Jabar, M. A. (2010). How do Japanese schools promote parental involvement? International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 2(1), 91-98. https://doi.org/1309-8063
Jackson, M. (2010). Where are the parents: The parent's perspective of parental involvement in education. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). George Washington University, Washington, USA. Rerieved from https://doi.org/UMI 3397643
Kannapathi, K. L. (2012). The role of the school in promoting parental participation in education: An investigation in a public primary school. (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal (Edgewood), Durban, South Africa.
Kikas, E., Poikonen, P. L., Kontoniemi, M., Lyyra, A. L., Lerkkanen, M. K., & Niilo, A. (2011). Mutual trust between kindergarten teachers and mothers and its associations with family characteristics in Estonia and Finland. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 55(1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/003
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Kocyigit, S. (2015). Family involvement in preschool education: Rationale, problems and solutions for the participants. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 15(1), 141-157. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2015.1.2474
Kristoffersson, M., Gu, L., & Zhang, Y. (2013). Homeschool collaboration in Sweden and China. US-China Education Review B, 3(3), 188-201. https://doi.org/2161-6248
Kurtulmus, Z. (2016). Analyzing parental involvement dimensions in early childhood education. Educational Research and Reviews, 11(12), 1149-1153. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2016.2757
Majzub, R. M., & Salim, E. J. H. (2011). Parental involvement in selected private preschools in Tangerang, Indonesia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 4033-4039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.409
Mapp, K. L., & Kuttner, P. J. (2013). Partners in education: A dual capacity-building framework for family-school partnerships. US Department of Education: Southwest Educational Development Laboratory (SEDL).
Mathekga, S. S. (2016). Teachers' perceptions of parental involvement in children’s education in Rural Limpopo Province schools. (Unpublished master's thesis). University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
Mutch, C., & Collins, S. (2012). Partners in learning: Schools' engagement with parents, families, and communities in New Zealand. School Community Journal, 22(1), 167-187. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1037908179?accountid=14609
Mwai Kimu, A. (2012). Parent involvement in public primary schools in Kenya. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
Ng, S., & Yuen, W. K. G. (2015). The micro-politics of parental involvement in school education in Hong Kong: Ethnocentrism, utilitarianism or policy rhetoric! Educational Review, 67(2), 253-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2013.868786
Poynton, J., Makela, C., & Haddad, D. (2014). Organizational training and relationship building for increasing public participation in a public school district. Administrative Issues Journal:
Education, Practice, and Research, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.5929/2014.4.1.5
RaziaStanikzai. (2013). Parental involvement in children's education. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Karlstads University, Karlstad, Sweden.
Regional Educational Laboratory (REL). (2015). Building trusting relationship with families & community through effective communication. U.S.A. https://doi.org/ED-IES-C-12-0010
Rouse, E. (2012). Partnerships in early childhood education and care: Empowering parents or empowering practitioners. Global Studies of Childhood, 2(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.2304/gsch.2012.2.1.14
Sapungan, G. M., & Sapungan, R. M. (2014). Parental involvement in child's education: Importance, barriers and benefits. Asian Journal of Management Sciences & Education 3(2,), 42-48.
Stavrinides, P., & Nikiforou, M. (2013). Parenting: challenges, practices, and cultural infuences. Nova Science. https://doi.org/978-1-62257-881-8
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2015). Education for all 2015 National Review. UNESCO, 1-67.
United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF). (2016). Importance of investing in children. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/index_53294.html
Wong, P. L. (2012). Parents' perspectives of the homeschool interrelationship: A study of two Hong Kong - Australian families. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 37(4), 59-67.
Xaba, M. I. (2015). The empowerment approach to parental involvement in education. Journal of Sociology and
Social Anthropology, 6(2), 197-208.
Bæck, U. D. K. (2010). Parental involvement practices in formalized home-school cooperation. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 54(6), 549–563. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2010.522845
Baker, C. B., & Rimm-Kaufman, S. E. (2014). How homes influence schools: Early parenting predicts African American children's classroom social-emotional functioning. Psychology in the Schools, 51(7), 722-735. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits
Bartolome, M., Mamat, N., & Masnan, A. (2017). Parental involvement in the Philippines: A review of literatures. International Journal of Early Childhood Education Care, 6(1), 41-50. eISSN 2550-1763
Cagdas, A., Ozel, E., & Konca, A. S. (2016). Investigating parental involvement at beginning of elementary school. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 12(4), 891–908. https://doi.org/1304-9496
Cobano-Delgado, V. (2015). Parent participation in the Spanish school system: School councils. International Education Studies, 8(11), 156–161. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n11p156
Chindanya, A. (2011). Parental involvement in primary schools: A case study of the Zaka District of Zimbabwe. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods approaches. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2
Department of Education (DepEd). (2016). DepEd memo 35 series of 2016: Implementing Brigada Eskwela. Retrieved from www.deped.com.ph
Dor, A. (2012). Parents' involvement in school: Attitudes of
Teachers and School Counselors. US-China Education Review, 11, 921–935. https://doi.org/1548-6613
Echaune, M., Ndiku, J. M., & Sang, A. (2015). Parental involvement in homework and primary school academic performance in Kenya. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(9), 46–54. Retrieved from www.iiste.org
Eva, Y. H. L., Hui, L., & Nirmala, R. (2012). Exploring parental involvement in early years education in China: Development and validation of the Chinese Early Parental Involvement Scale (CEPIS). International Journal of Early Years Education, 20(4), 405–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2012.743099
Garcia, A. S. (2018). Parental involvement among low-income Filipinos : A phenomenological inquiry. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss/304%0A
Gül, I., & Aslan, D. (2016). The evaluation of school, family and community relations of teachers in terms of their views. Journal of the Faculty of Education, 17(3), 203–218. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.17392889
Hakyemez, S. (2015). Turkish early childhood educators on parental involvement. European Educational Research Journal, 14(1), 100–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474904114565152
Heath, D., Maghrabi, R., & Carr, N. (2015). Implications of information and communication technologies (ICT) for school-home communication. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 14, 363-395. Retrieved from http://www.jite.org/documents/Vol14/JITEv14ResearchP363-395Heath1876.pdf
Hourani, R. B., Stringer, P., & Baker, F. (2012). Constraints and subsequent limitations to parental involvement in primary schools in Abu Dhabi: Stakeholders' perspectives. School Community Journal, 22(2), 131-160. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1361845858?accountid=14609
Jabar, M. A. (2010). How do Japanese schools promote parental involvement? International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 2(1), 91-98. https://doi.org/1309-8063
Jackson, M. (2010). Where are the parents: The parent's perspective of parental involvement in education. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). George Washington University, Washington, USA. Rerieved from https://doi.org/UMI 3397643
Kannapathi, K. L. (2012). The role of the school in promoting parental participation in education: An investigation in a public primary school. (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal (Edgewood), Durban, South Africa.
Kikas, E., Poikonen, P. L., Kontoniemi, M., Lyyra, A. L., Lerkkanen, M. K., & Niilo, A. (2011). Mutual trust between kindergarten teachers and mothers and its associations with family characteristics in Estonia and Finland. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 55(1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/003
13831.2011.539852
Kocyigit, S. (2015). Family involvement in preschool education: Rationale, problems and solutions for the participants. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 15(1), 141-157. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2015.1.2474
Kristoffersson, M., Gu, L., & Zhang, Y. (2013). Homeschool collaboration in Sweden and China. US-China Education Review B, 3(3), 188-201. https://doi.org/2161-6248
Kurtulmus, Z. (2016). Analyzing parental involvement dimensions in early childhood education. Educational Research and Reviews, 11(12), 1149-1153. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2016.2757
Majzub, R. M., & Salim, E. J. H. (2011). Parental involvement in selected private preschools in Tangerang, Indonesia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 4033-4039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.409
Mapp, K. L., & Kuttner, P. J. (2013). Partners in education: A dual capacity-building framework for family-school partnerships. US Department of Education: Southwest Educational Development Laboratory (SEDL).
Mathekga, S. S. (2016). Teachers' perceptions of parental involvement in children’s education in Rural Limpopo Province schools. (Unpublished master's thesis). University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
Mutch, C., & Collins, S. (2012). Partners in learning: Schools' engagement with parents, families, and communities in New Zealand. School Community Journal, 22(1), 167-187. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1037908179?accountid=14609
Mwai Kimu, A. (2012). Parent involvement in public primary schools in Kenya. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
Ng, S., & Yuen, W. K. G. (2015). The micro-politics of parental involvement in school education in Hong Kong: Ethnocentrism, utilitarianism or policy rhetoric! Educational Review, 67(2), 253-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2013.868786
Poynton, J., Makela, C., & Haddad, D. (2014). Organizational training and relationship building for increasing public participation in a public school district. Administrative Issues Journal:
Education, Practice, and Research, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.5929/2014.4.1.5
RaziaStanikzai. (2013). Parental involvement in children's education. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Karlstads University, Karlstad, Sweden.
Regional Educational Laboratory (REL). (2015). Building trusting relationship with families & community through effective communication. U.S.A. https://doi.org/ED-IES-C-12-0010
Rouse, E. (2012). Partnerships in early childhood education and care: Empowering parents or empowering practitioners. Global Studies of Childhood, 2(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.2304/gsch.2012.2.1.14
Sapungan, G. M., & Sapungan, R. M. (2014). Parental involvement in child's education: Importance, barriers and benefits. Asian Journal of Management Sciences & Education 3(2,), 42-48.
Stavrinides, P., & Nikiforou, M. (2013). Parenting: challenges, practices, and cultural infuences. Nova Science. https://doi.org/978-1-62257-881-8
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2015). Education for all 2015 National Review. UNESCO, 1-67.
United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF). (2016). Importance of investing in children. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/index_53294.html
Wong, P. L. (2012). Parents' perspectives of the homeschool interrelationship: A study of two Hong Kong - Australian families. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 37(4), 59-67.
Xaba, M. I. (2015). The empowerment approach to parental involvement in education. Journal of Sociology and
Social Anthropology, 6(2), 197-208.
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Published
Dec 21, 2020
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Bartolome, M. T., & Mamat, N. bin. (2020). Exploring Parental Involvement in Early Childhood Education in Philippines: A Case Study. The Normal Lights, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.56278/tnl.v14i2.1653
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Research Article
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