Awareness of Filipino Graduate Students towards Philippine English
Main Article Content
Keywords
Filipino graduate students, language awareness, Philippine English
Abstract
While World Englishes (WEs) studies have been charted in Applied Linguistics and English Language Education research, WEs awareness is an area underexplored (Ahn, 2014, 2015). The study investigated Filipino graduate students' awareness towards Philippine English (PhE) in terms of its meanings, features, and uses. Using descriptive survey through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire answered by 95 graduate students from a premier Teacher Education Institution (TEI), the study revealed that they had moderate awareness of PhE. Likewise, they could be safely perceived as relatively aware of PhE. However, this finding does not certainly mean that they were all-knowledgeable of PhE. Therefore, the study recommends that PhE must be 'legitimately' promoted across Philippine education system. Its promotion can only materialize through the mandate of the Commission on Higher Education and Department of Education. The study draws its implications toward Philippine educational policies, teacher education, and English language curricula.
References
Ahn, H. (2014). Researching awareness and attitudes: A study of world Englishes and English teachers in South Korea. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Ahn, H. (2015). Awareness of and attitudes to Asian Englishes: A study of English teachers in South Korea. Asian Englishes, 17(2), 132-151.
Alieto, E. O., & Rillo, R. M. (2018). Language attitudes of English language teachers (ELTs) towards Philippine English. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 13, 84–110.
Association of Language Awareness. (2020). About. Retrieved from http://www.languageawareness.org/?page_id=48
Ates, B., Eslami, Z. R., & Wright, K. L. (2015). Incorporating world Englishes into undergraduate ESL education courses. World Englishes, 34(3), 485-501.
Bagtasos, R. P. & Espere, R. P. (2010). Quality of work life (QWL) of selected secondary school teachers in Davao City. Pamalandong, 4(1), 61-76.
Bautista, M. L. S. (1982). "Yaya" English. Philippine Studies, 30, 377-294.
Bautista, M. L. S. (Ed.) (1997). English is an Asian language: The Philippine context. Sydney: Macquarie Library.
Bautista, M. L. S. (2000). Defining standard Philippine English: Its status and grammatical features. Manila: De La Salle University Press.
Bautista, M. L. S. (2001). Attitudes of English language faculty in three leading Philippine universities towards Philippine English. Asian Englishes, 4(1), 4-32.
Bautista, M. L. S. (2008). Investigating the grammatical features of Philippine English. In M. L. S. Bautista & K. Bolton (Eds.), Philippine English: Linguistic and literary perspectives (pp. 201-218). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Bernardo, A. S. (2013). Toward an endonormative pedagogic model in the teaching of English grammar in Philippine Higher Education Institutions. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Santo Tomas, Manila.
Bernardo, A. S. (2018). An endocentric approach to English grammar teaching. In I. P. Martin (Ed.), Reconceptualizing English education in a multilingual society: English in the Philippines (pp. 101-118). Singapore: Springer.
Bernardo, A. S., & Madrunio, M. R. (2015). A framework for designing a Philippine-English-based pedagogic model for teaching English grammar. Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 3, 43-71.
Bolton, K. (2020). World Englishes: Current debates and future directions. In C. L. Nelson, Z. G. Proshina, & D. R. Davis (Eds.), The handbook of world Englishes, (pp. 743-760). West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage.
Borlongan, A. M. (2009). A survey on language use, attitudes, and identity in relation to Philippine English among young generation Filipinos: An initial sample from a private university. Philippine ESL Journal, 3, 74–107.
Borlongan, A. M. (2016). Relocating Philippine English in Schneider's dynamic model. Asian Englishes, 18(3), 232-241.
Cruz, P. A. T. (2011). Code-switching, resistance, and reflection: Language awareness through Philippine literature in English. Asian Englishes, 14(2), 22-39.
Dayag, D. T. (2007). Exploring the intelligibility of Philippine English. Asian Englishes, 10(1), 4-23.
Dayag, D. T. (2008). English-language media in the Philippines: Description and research. In K. Bolton & M. L. S. Bautista (Eds.), Philippine English and literary perspectives (pp. 131–155). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Dayag, D. T. (2010). Philippine English and college textbooks in oral communication: Exploring the link between the world Englishes paradigm and L2 pedagogy. Philippine Journal of Linguistics, 41, 63-75.
Dimaculangan, N. G. (2018). Another look into Philippine English: Towards users’ awareness and celebration. International Journal of Advanced Research and Publications, 2(1), 17-22.
Dita, S. N., & De Leon, K. D. (2017). The intelligibility and comprehensibility of Philippine English to EFL speakers. Philippine ESL Journal, 19(2), 100-118.
Dornyei, Z. (2003). Questionnaires in second language research: Construction, administration, and processing. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Dornyei, Z., & Taguchi, T. (2010). Questionnaires in second language research: Construction, administration, and processing (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Flores, E. R. (2014). Phonological features of basilectal Philippine English: An exploratory study. International Journal of English and Literature, 5(6), 128- 140.
Golloway, N., & Rose, H. (2014). Using listening journals to raise awareness of Global English in ELT. ELT Journal, 68(4), 386-396.
Gonzalez, A. (1985). Studies on Philippine English. Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Language Centre.
Gonzalez, A. (1997). The history of English in the Philippines. In M. L. S. Bautista (Ed.), English is an Asian language: The Philippine context (pp. 25-40). Australia: The Macquarie Library Pty., Ltd.
Gonzalez, A. (2005). Distinctive grammatical features of Philippine literature in English: Influencing or influenced? In D. T. Dayag, & J. S. Quakenbush (Eds.), Literature and language education in the Philippines and beyond: A festschrift in honor of Ma. Lourdes S. Bautista (pp. 15-26). Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines.
Gonzalez, A., Jambalos, T., & Romero, C. S. (2003). Three studies on Philippine English across generations: Towards an Integration and some Implications. Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines.
Gustilo, L., & Dimaculangan, N. (2018). Attitudes of Filipino English teachers toward 21st century Philippine English writing. Advanced Science Letters, 24(11), 8349-8352.
Hernandez, H. P. (2019, March). Graduate students’ awareness and attitudes toward Philippine English. Paper presented at 2019 Linguistic Society of the Philippines International Conference (2019 LSPIC), De La Salle University, Manila.
Hernandez, H. P. (2020). Filipino graduate students' attitudes toward teaching educated Philippine English: A sample from a premier teacher education institution. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 20(1), 31-42.
Jenkins, J. (2015). Global Englishes: A resource book for students (3rd ed.). Oxford: Routledge.
Jindapitak, N., & Teo, A. (2012). Thai tertiary English majors’ attitudes towards and awareness of world Englishes. Journal of Studies in the English Language, 7, 74-116.
Kachru, B. B. (1985). Standards, codification, and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the outer circle. In R. Quirk, H. G. Widdowson, & Y. Cant'u (Eds.), English in the world: Teaching and learning the language and literatures, (pp. 11–30). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kachru, B. B. (1997). English as an Asian language. In M. L. S. Bautista (Ed.), English is an Asian Language: The Philippine context (pp. 1-23). Australia: The Macquarie Library Pty., Ltd.
Kachru, B. B. (2005). Asian Englishes: Beyond the canon. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Kirkpatrick, A. (2007). World Englishes: Implications for international communication and English language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Llamzon, T. A. (1969). Standard Filipino English. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
Mahboob, A., & Liang, J. (2014). Researching and critiquing world Englishes. Asian Englishes, 16(2), 125-140.
Malmberg, P. (2001). Spraklig medvetenhet. In P. Malmberg (Ed.), Sprakboken: En antologi om sprakundervisning och sprakinlarning (pp.141- 149). Stockholm: Myndigheten for Skolutveckling.
Martin, I. P. (2014). Philippine English revisited. World Englishes, 33(1), 50-59.
Matsuda, A. (2020). World Englishes and pedagogy. In C.L. Nelson, Z.G. Proshina, & D.R. Davis (Eds.), The handbook of world Englishes (2nd ed.) (pp. 686-702). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
Morales, M. (2015). A grammar of adjunct adverbials in Philippine English. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). De La Salle University, Manila.
Salazar, D. (2017). Philippine English in the Oxford English Dictionary: Recent advancements and implications for ESL in the Philippines. Philippine ESL Journal, 19(2), 45-59.
Schneider, E. W. (2007). Postcolonial English: Varieties of English around the world. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Sharifian, F. (2012). World Englishes, intercultural communication and requisite competences. In J. Jackson (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of language and intercultural communication (pp. 310-322). USA and Canada: Routledge.
Takeshita, Y. (2010). East Asian Englishes: Japan and Korea. In A. Kirkpatrick (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of world Englishes (pp. 265-281). New York, USA: Routledge.
Tan, Y. (2019). The use of surveys and questionnaires in world Englishes research. In P. De Costa, D. Crowther, & J. Maloney (Eds.), Investigating world Englishes: Research methodology and practical applications (pp. 69-86). London and NY: Routledge.
Tiiein, N. Q. (2008). Awareness of world Englishes of Vietnamese users of English. Paper presented at 2008 International Conference and Workshop on TEFL & Applied Linguistics, Taiwan.
van der Walt, C. (2007). A world Englishes perspective in English language teacher training: Rejection and reluctance. Journal of Language Teaching, 41(1), 101-11.
Ahn, H. (2015). Awareness of and attitudes to Asian Englishes: A study of English teachers in South Korea. Asian Englishes, 17(2), 132-151.
Alieto, E. O., & Rillo, R. M. (2018). Language attitudes of English language teachers (ELTs) towards Philippine English. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 13, 84–110.
Association of Language Awareness. (2020). About. Retrieved from http://www.languageawareness.org/?page_id=48
Ates, B., Eslami, Z. R., & Wright, K. L. (2015). Incorporating world Englishes into undergraduate ESL education courses. World Englishes, 34(3), 485-501.
Bagtasos, R. P. & Espere, R. P. (2010). Quality of work life (QWL) of selected secondary school teachers in Davao City. Pamalandong, 4(1), 61-76.
Bautista, M. L. S. (1982). "Yaya" English. Philippine Studies, 30, 377-294.
Bautista, M. L. S. (Ed.) (1997). English is an Asian language: The Philippine context. Sydney: Macquarie Library.
Bautista, M. L. S. (2000). Defining standard Philippine English: Its status and grammatical features. Manila: De La Salle University Press.
Bautista, M. L. S. (2001). Attitudes of English language faculty in three leading Philippine universities towards Philippine English. Asian Englishes, 4(1), 4-32.
Bautista, M. L. S. (2008). Investigating the grammatical features of Philippine English. In M. L. S. Bautista & K. Bolton (Eds.), Philippine English: Linguistic and literary perspectives (pp. 201-218). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Bernardo, A. S. (2013). Toward an endonormative pedagogic model in the teaching of English grammar in Philippine Higher Education Institutions. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Santo Tomas, Manila.
Bernardo, A. S. (2018). An endocentric approach to English grammar teaching. In I. P. Martin (Ed.), Reconceptualizing English education in a multilingual society: English in the Philippines (pp. 101-118). Singapore: Springer.
Bernardo, A. S., & Madrunio, M. R. (2015). A framework for designing a Philippine-English-based pedagogic model for teaching English grammar. Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 3, 43-71.
Bolton, K. (2020). World Englishes: Current debates and future directions. In C. L. Nelson, Z. G. Proshina, & D. R. Davis (Eds.), The handbook of world Englishes, (pp. 743-760). West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage.
Borlongan, A. M. (2009). A survey on language use, attitudes, and identity in relation to Philippine English among young generation Filipinos: An initial sample from a private university. Philippine ESL Journal, 3, 74–107.
Borlongan, A. M. (2016). Relocating Philippine English in Schneider's dynamic model. Asian Englishes, 18(3), 232-241.
Cruz, P. A. T. (2011). Code-switching, resistance, and reflection: Language awareness through Philippine literature in English. Asian Englishes, 14(2), 22-39.
Dayag, D. T. (2007). Exploring the intelligibility of Philippine English. Asian Englishes, 10(1), 4-23.
Dayag, D. T. (2008). English-language media in the Philippines: Description and research. In K. Bolton & M. L. S. Bautista (Eds.), Philippine English and literary perspectives (pp. 131–155). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Dayag, D. T. (2010). Philippine English and college textbooks in oral communication: Exploring the link between the world Englishes paradigm and L2 pedagogy. Philippine Journal of Linguistics, 41, 63-75.
Dimaculangan, N. G. (2018). Another look into Philippine English: Towards users’ awareness and celebration. International Journal of Advanced Research and Publications, 2(1), 17-22.
Dita, S. N., & De Leon, K. D. (2017). The intelligibility and comprehensibility of Philippine English to EFL speakers. Philippine ESL Journal, 19(2), 100-118.
Dornyei, Z. (2003). Questionnaires in second language research: Construction, administration, and processing. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Dornyei, Z., & Taguchi, T. (2010). Questionnaires in second language research: Construction, administration, and processing (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Flores, E. R. (2014). Phonological features of basilectal Philippine English: An exploratory study. International Journal of English and Literature, 5(6), 128- 140.
Golloway, N., & Rose, H. (2014). Using listening journals to raise awareness of Global English in ELT. ELT Journal, 68(4), 386-396.
Gonzalez, A. (1985). Studies on Philippine English. Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Language Centre.
Gonzalez, A. (1997). The history of English in the Philippines. In M. L. S. Bautista (Ed.), English is an Asian language: The Philippine context (pp. 25-40). Australia: The Macquarie Library Pty., Ltd.
Gonzalez, A. (2005). Distinctive grammatical features of Philippine literature in English: Influencing or influenced? In D. T. Dayag, & J. S. Quakenbush (Eds.), Literature and language education in the Philippines and beyond: A festschrift in honor of Ma. Lourdes S. Bautista (pp. 15-26). Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines.
Gonzalez, A., Jambalos, T., & Romero, C. S. (2003). Three studies on Philippine English across generations: Towards an Integration and some Implications. Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines.
Gustilo, L., & Dimaculangan, N. (2018). Attitudes of Filipino English teachers toward 21st century Philippine English writing. Advanced Science Letters, 24(11), 8349-8352.
Hernandez, H. P. (2019, March). Graduate students’ awareness and attitudes toward Philippine English. Paper presented at 2019 Linguistic Society of the Philippines International Conference (2019 LSPIC), De La Salle University, Manila.
Hernandez, H. P. (2020). Filipino graduate students' attitudes toward teaching educated Philippine English: A sample from a premier teacher education institution. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 20(1), 31-42.
Jenkins, J. (2015). Global Englishes: A resource book for students (3rd ed.). Oxford: Routledge.
Jindapitak, N., & Teo, A. (2012). Thai tertiary English majors’ attitudes towards and awareness of world Englishes. Journal of Studies in the English Language, 7, 74-116.
Kachru, B. B. (1985). Standards, codification, and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the outer circle. In R. Quirk, H. G. Widdowson, & Y. Cant'u (Eds.), English in the world: Teaching and learning the language and literatures, (pp. 11–30). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kachru, B. B. (1997). English as an Asian language. In M. L. S. Bautista (Ed.), English is an Asian Language: The Philippine context (pp. 1-23). Australia: The Macquarie Library Pty., Ltd.
Kachru, B. B. (2005). Asian Englishes: Beyond the canon. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Kirkpatrick, A. (2007). World Englishes: Implications for international communication and English language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Llamzon, T. A. (1969). Standard Filipino English. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
Mahboob, A., & Liang, J. (2014). Researching and critiquing world Englishes. Asian Englishes, 16(2), 125-140.
Malmberg, P. (2001). Spraklig medvetenhet. In P. Malmberg (Ed.), Sprakboken: En antologi om sprakundervisning och sprakinlarning (pp.141- 149). Stockholm: Myndigheten for Skolutveckling.
Martin, I. P. (2014). Philippine English revisited. World Englishes, 33(1), 50-59.
Matsuda, A. (2020). World Englishes and pedagogy. In C.L. Nelson, Z.G. Proshina, & D.R. Davis (Eds.), The handbook of world Englishes (2nd ed.) (pp. 686-702). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
Morales, M. (2015). A grammar of adjunct adverbials in Philippine English. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). De La Salle University, Manila.
Salazar, D. (2017). Philippine English in the Oxford English Dictionary: Recent advancements and implications for ESL in the Philippines. Philippine ESL Journal, 19(2), 45-59.
Schneider, E. W. (2007). Postcolonial English: Varieties of English around the world. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Sharifian, F. (2012). World Englishes, intercultural communication and requisite competences. In J. Jackson (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of language and intercultural communication (pp. 310-322). USA and Canada: Routledge.
Takeshita, Y. (2010). East Asian Englishes: Japan and Korea. In A. Kirkpatrick (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of world Englishes (pp. 265-281). New York, USA: Routledge.
Tan, Y. (2019). The use of surveys and questionnaires in world Englishes research. In P. De Costa, D. Crowther, & J. Maloney (Eds.), Investigating world Englishes: Research methodology and practical applications (pp. 69-86). London and NY: Routledge.
Tiiein, N. Q. (2008). Awareness of world Englishes of Vietnamese users of English. Paper presented at 2008 International Conference and Workshop on TEFL & Applied Linguistics, Taiwan.
van der Walt, C. (2007). A world Englishes perspective in English language teacher training: Rejection and reluctance. Journal of Language Teaching, 41(1), 101-11.
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Published
Dec 21, 2020
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How to Cite
Hernandez, H. P. (2020). Awareness of Filipino Graduate Students towards Philippine English. The Normal Lights, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.56278/tnl.v14i2.1652
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Research Article
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