Accuracy of Past Tense in Four Tasks: Does Translation Facilitate Narrative Writing?
Main Article Content
Keywords
bilingualism, Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education, narrative genre, past tense, translation
Abstract
This paper attempts to investigate whether or not translation facilitates the accuracy of the past tense. It looks at the correlations between the two translation tasks and the actual writing of a narrative genre. One hundred seventeen second year university students from the General Education program enrolled in Writing in the Discipline took the four writing tasks as their prelim examination. Four writing tasks included: word level morphological transformation, sentence level translation, paragraph level translation, and actual writing of a narrative genre. Results show that both translation tasks, and paragraph writing are statistically different when students are grouped according to the language used at home. All four writing tasks are high in level whether students are bilingual or multilingual speakers. The correlations between sentence level translation and paragraph level translation to the actual paragraph narrative writing aver that translation facilitates the accuracy of the past tense of the verbs in actual paragraph narrative writing. The study offers implications for language teaching and learning, and the relevance of the study for the Mother Tongue-Based-Multilingual Education curriculum implemented in the Philippines.
References
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Auerbach, E. (1993). Reexamining English only in the ESL classroom. TESOL Quarterly 27, (1), 9-32.
Bautista, M.L.S. (2004). Tagalog-English code switching as a mode of discourse. Asia Pacific Education Review, 5(2), 226-233.
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Bozorgian, H., & Fallahpour, S. (2015). Teachers' and students' amount and purpose of L1 use: English as foreign language (EFL) classrooms in Iran. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Researcher, 3(2), 67-81.
Brooks, P. (2002). Narrative plot. In Richardson, B. (Author & Editor), Narrative dynamics: Essays on time, plot, closure, and frames. USA: Ohio State University Press.
Celce-Murcia, M. (Ed.). (2006). Teaching English as a second or foreign language (3rd ed.). Singapore: Heinle & Heinle/Cengage Learning Asia.
Celce-Murcia, M., & Larsen-Freeman, D. (2008). The grammar book: An ESL/EFL teacher's course. Singapore: Thomson & Heinle.
Cenoz, J., & Gorter, D. (2012). Language policy in education: Additional languages. In Spolsky, B. (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Language Policy (pp. 301-319). UK: Cambridge University Press.
Cook, V. (2001). Using the first language in the classroom. Canadian Modern Language Review, 57(3), 402-423.
Cook, V. (1995). Multi-competence and the learning of many languages. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 8, 93-98.
Cook, V. (1991). Second language learning and language teaching. London: Edward Arnold.
Corder, S.P. (1981). Error analysis and interlanguage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). London, UK: Sage Publications.
Cummins, J. (1979). Linguistic interdependence and the educational development of bilingual children. Review of Educational Research 49, 222-251.
Cummins, J. (1978). Bilingualism and the development of metalinguistic awareness. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 9, 131-149.
Department of Education Order. (2012). DepEd Order No. 16, s. 2012. Retrieved from September 8, 2016 from http://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/DO%20No.%2016,%20s.%202012.pdf.
Dobie, A. B. (2012). Theory into practice: An introduction to literary criticism (3rd ed.). USA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Dornyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Ellis, R. (1985). Understanding second language acquisitions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fatemi, A.H., & Ziaei, S. (2012). A contrastive analysis of out-of-context translation of Farsi adjectives into English in EFL classrooms. International Journal of Linguistics, 4(3), 211-224.
Grim, F. (2010). L1 in the L2 classroom at the secondary and college levels: A comparison of functions and use by teachers. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 7(2), 193-209.
Grosjean, F. (1982). Life with two languages: An introduction to bilingualism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Herdina, P., & Jessner, U. (2002). A dynamic model of multilingualism: Perspectives of change in psycholinguistics. Clevendon, UK Multilingual Matters.
Hsu, W. (2006). Easing into research literacy through a genre and courseware approach. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 3(1), 70-89.
Huang, Y.W. (2015). My teaching experience with Navajo college students, writing anxiety, contrastive rhetoric, and some suggestions. Sage Open, 1-7.
Hundt, M., & Biewer, C. (2007). The dynamics of inner and outer circle varieties in the South Pacific and Asia. In Hundt, M., N. Nesselhauf, & C. Biewer (Eds.), Corpus Linguistics and the Web (pp. 249-269). Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Ismail, S. A.A., & Alsheikh, N.O. (2012). Second language learners' performance and strategies when writing direct and translated essays. International Education Studies, 5(5), 173-184.
Johnson, K.E. (2000). Second language teacher education: A sociocultural perspective. New York, NY: Routledge.
Johnson-Sheehan, R., & Paine, P. (2013). Writing today (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Jung, W.H. (1997). The use of the English mediopassive and language transfer. Linguistic Research, 15, 249-260.
Karimi, L. (2006). Equivalence in translation. Translation Journal 10(1). Retrieved from http://context.translationjournal.net/journal/35equiv.htm.
Kim, H. (2009). A study of problems in transcription and translation of English vocabulary into Korean, Chinese, and Japanese. Language Research, 26(3), 1-19.
Kim, J.A., & Uhm, C.J. (2010). Grammatical and discursive features of Korean EFL learners' direct, translated and back-translated writing. Linguistic Research, 27(2), 373-392.
Krüger, R. (2012). Working with corpora in the translation classroom. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2(4), 505-525.
Krashen, S. D. (1982). Principle and practice in second language acquisition. Pergamon Press. Lado, R. (1957). Linguistics across cultures. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Laurent, A., Nicoladis, E., & Marentette, P. (2013). The development of storytelling in two languages with words and gestures. International Journal of Bilingualism, 19(1), 56-74.
Lee, M. (2011). Translation strategy of news texts based on shared knowledge of target language reader. Linguistic Research, 28(2), 385-404.
Machida, S. (2008). A step forward to using translation to teach a foreign/second language. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language
Teaching, 5(1), 5-18.
Munalim, L.O. (2014). All is well. Unpublished short story. Manila City, Philippines.
Nadell, J., McMeniman, L., & Langan, J. (2005). The Longman writer: Rhetoric and reader. USA:Pearson Publishing.
Newmark, P. (2007). A new theory of translation. BRNO Studies in English, 33, 101-114.
Olanipekun, S.S., Atteh, D., Zaku, J.A., & Sarki, P.E. (2014). Mother tongue and students' academic performance in English language among secondary school students. International Journal of Language, Literature and Culture, 1(1), 1-6.
Olshtain, E. (2006). Functional tasks for mastering the mechanics of writing and going just beyond. In Murcia, M.C. (Ed.), Teaching Englis as a second or foreign language (pp. 207-217). Singapore: Heinle & Heinle/Cengage Learning Asia.
Pan, Y.C., & Pan, Y.C.P. (2012). The use of translation in the EFL classroom. Philippine ESL Journal, 9.
Park, M.K., & Chung, W. (2009). Examining features of Korean-to-English web advertisement translation. Linguistic Research, 26(2), 101-120.
Pavan, E. (2013). The Simpsons: Translation and language teaching in an EFL class. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 3(1), 131-145.
Peregoy, S.F. & Boyle, O.F. (2001). Reading, writing & learning in ESL: A resource book for K -12 teachers (3rd ed.). NY: Longman.
Richards, J.C. (Ed.). (1974). Error analysis: Perspectives on second language acquisition. London: Longman.
Rumney, P., Buttress, J., & Kuksa, I. (2016). Seeing, doing, writing: The Write Here Project. Sage Open, 1-11.
Sarhady, T. (2013). The efficacy of error analysis on teaching translation. Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods, 3(1), 26-32.
Sattayatham, A., & Honsa, S. (2007). Medical students' most frequent errors at Mahidol University, Thailand. The Asian EFL Journal, 9(2), 170-194.
Scott, V.M. (2010). Double talk. Boston: Person. Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. IRAL, 10, 209-231. Slabakova, R. (2014). The bottleneck of second language acquisition. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 46(4), 543-559.
Story, N. (2009). A reader for writers (2nd ed.). Texas, USA: Fountainhead Press.
Sibayan, B.P. (1985). Reflections, assertions and speculations on the growth of Pilipino. Southeast Asian Journal of Social Sciences, 13(1), 40-51.
Takimoto, M., & Hashimoto, H. (2010). An eyeopening learning experience: Language learning through interpreting and translation. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 7(1), 86-95.
Tomimori, N., & Nomoto, H. (2013). The acquisition of linguistic and cultural knowledge through the translation of foreign language texts and their dissemination within the public sphere. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 10(1), 292-308.
Tupas, T.R.F. (2011). The new challenge of the mother tongues: The future of Philippine postcolonial language politics. Kritika Kultura, 16, 108-121.
Walter, S.K., & Benson, C. (2012). Language policy and medium of instruction in formal education. In Bernard Spolsky (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Language Policy (pp. 278-300). UK: Cambridge University Press.
Wang, P.L. (2015). Effects of an automated writing evaluation program: Student experiences and perceptions. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 12(1), 79-100.
Xia, X. (2016). Lexical ways of expressing interpersonal meaning and translation strategy. Journal of Language and Teaching and Research, 7(3), 599-603.
Zawahreh, F.A.S. (2013). A linguistic contrastive analysis case study: Out of context translation of Arabic adjectives into English in EFL classroom. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(2), 427-443.
Ahmadian, M., Pouromid, S., & Nickkhah, M. (2016). Improving the quality of second language writing by first language use. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 6(4), 767-775.
Alshammari, M.M. (2011). The use of the mother tongue in Saudi EFL classrooms. Journal of International Education Research, 7(4), 95-102.
Auerbach, E. (1993). Reexamining English only in the ESL classroom. TESOL Quarterly 27, (1), 9-32.
Bautista, M.L.S. (2004). Tagalog-English code switching as a mode of discourse. Asia Pacific Education Review, 5(2), 226-233.
Baldauf, R.B., & Nguyen, H.T.M. (2012). Language policy in Asia and the Pacific. In Spolsky, B. (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Language Policy (pp.617-638). UK: Cambridge University Press.
Bozorgian, H., & Fallahpour, S. (2015). Teachers' and students' amount and purpose of L1 use: English as foreign language (EFL) classrooms in Iran. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Researcher, 3(2), 67-81.
Brooks, P. (2002). Narrative plot. In Richardson, B. (Author & Editor), Narrative dynamics: Essays on time, plot, closure, and frames. USA: Ohio State University Press.
Celce-Murcia, M. (Ed.). (2006). Teaching English as a second or foreign language (3rd ed.). Singapore: Heinle & Heinle/Cengage Learning Asia.
Celce-Murcia, M., & Larsen-Freeman, D. (2008). The grammar book: An ESL/EFL teacher's course. Singapore: Thomson & Heinle.
Cenoz, J., & Gorter, D. (2012). Language policy in education: Additional languages. In Spolsky, B. (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Language Policy (pp. 301-319). UK: Cambridge University Press.
Cook, V. (2001). Using the first language in the classroom. Canadian Modern Language Review, 57(3), 402-423.
Cook, V. (1995). Multi-competence and the learning of many languages. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 8, 93-98.
Cook, V. (1991). Second language learning and language teaching. London: Edward Arnold.
Corder, S.P. (1981). Error analysis and interlanguage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). London, UK: Sage Publications.
Cummins, J. (1979). Linguistic interdependence and the educational development of bilingual children. Review of Educational Research 49, 222-251.
Cummins, J. (1978). Bilingualism and the development of metalinguistic awareness. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 9, 131-149.
Department of Education Order. (2012). DepEd Order No. 16, s. 2012. Retrieved from September 8, 2016 from http://www.deped.gov.ph/cpanel/uploads/issuanceImg/DO%20No.%2016,%20s.%202012.pdf.
Dobie, A. B. (2012). Theory into practice: An introduction to literary criticism (3rd ed.). USA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Dornyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Ellis, R. (1985). Understanding second language acquisitions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fatemi, A.H., & Ziaei, S. (2012). A contrastive analysis of out-of-context translation of Farsi adjectives into English in EFL classrooms. International Journal of Linguistics, 4(3), 211-224.
Grim, F. (2010). L1 in the L2 classroom at the secondary and college levels: A comparison of functions and use by teachers. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 7(2), 193-209.
Grosjean, F. (1982). Life with two languages: An introduction to bilingualism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Herdina, P., & Jessner, U. (2002). A dynamic model of multilingualism: Perspectives of change in psycholinguistics. Clevendon, UK Multilingual Matters.
Hsu, W. (2006). Easing into research literacy through a genre and courseware approach. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 3(1), 70-89.
Huang, Y.W. (2015). My teaching experience with Navajo college students, writing anxiety, contrastive rhetoric, and some suggestions. Sage Open, 1-7.
Hundt, M., & Biewer, C. (2007). The dynamics of inner and outer circle varieties in the South Pacific and Asia. In Hundt, M., N. Nesselhauf, & C. Biewer (Eds.), Corpus Linguistics and the Web (pp. 249-269). Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Ismail, S. A.A., & Alsheikh, N.O. (2012). Second language learners' performance and strategies when writing direct and translated essays. International Education Studies, 5(5), 173-184.
Johnson, K.E. (2000). Second language teacher education: A sociocultural perspective. New York, NY: Routledge.
Johnson-Sheehan, R., & Paine, P. (2013). Writing today (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Jung, W.H. (1997). The use of the English mediopassive and language transfer. Linguistic Research, 15, 249-260.
Karimi, L. (2006). Equivalence in translation. Translation Journal 10(1). Retrieved from http://context.translationjournal.net/journal/35equiv.htm.
Kim, H. (2009). A study of problems in transcription and translation of English vocabulary into Korean, Chinese, and Japanese. Language Research, 26(3), 1-19.
Kim, J.A., & Uhm, C.J. (2010). Grammatical and discursive features of Korean EFL learners' direct, translated and back-translated writing. Linguistic Research, 27(2), 373-392.
Krüger, R. (2012). Working with corpora in the translation classroom. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2(4), 505-525.
Krashen, S. D. (1982). Principle and practice in second language acquisition. Pergamon Press. Lado, R. (1957). Linguistics across cultures. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Laurent, A., Nicoladis, E., & Marentette, P. (2013). The development of storytelling in two languages with words and gestures. International Journal of Bilingualism, 19(1), 56-74.
Lee, M. (2011). Translation strategy of news texts based on shared knowledge of target language reader. Linguistic Research, 28(2), 385-404.
Machida, S. (2008). A step forward to using translation to teach a foreign/second language. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language
Teaching, 5(1), 5-18.
Munalim, L.O. (2014). All is well. Unpublished short story. Manila City, Philippines.
Nadell, J., McMeniman, L., & Langan, J. (2005). The Longman writer: Rhetoric and reader. USA:Pearson Publishing.
Newmark, P. (2007). A new theory of translation. BRNO Studies in English, 33, 101-114.
Olanipekun, S.S., Atteh, D., Zaku, J.A., & Sarki, P.E. (2014). Mother tongue and students' academic performance in English language among secondary school students. International Journal of Language, Literature and Culture, 1(1), 1-6.
Olshtain, E. (2006). Functional tasks for mastering the mechanics of writing and going just beyond. In Murcia, M.C. (Ed.), Teaching Englis as a second or foreign language (pp. 207-217). Singapore: Heinle & Heinle/Cengage Learning Asia.
Pan, Y.C., & Pan, Y.C.P. (2012). The use of translation in the EFL classroom. Philippine ESL Journal, 9.
Park, M.K., & Chung, W. (2009). Examining features of Korean-to-English web advertisement translation. Linguistic Research, 26(2), 101-120.
Pavan, E. (2013). The Simpsons: Translation and language teaching in an EFL class. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 3(1), 131-145.
Peregoy, S.F. & Boyle, O.F. (2001). Reading, writing & learning in ESL: A resource book for K -12 teachers (3rd ed.). NY: Longman.
Richards, J.C. (Ed.). (1974). Error analysis: Perspectives on second language acquisition. London: Longman.
Rumney, P., Buttress, J., & Kuksa, I. (2016). Seeing, doing, writing: The Write Here Project. Sage Open, 1-11.
Sarhady, T. (2013). The efficacy of error analysis on teaching translation. Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods, 3(1), 26-32.
Sattayatham, A., & Honsa, S. (2007). Medical students' most frequent errors at Mahidol University, Thailand. The Asian EFL Journal, 9(2), 170-194.
Scott, V.M. (2010). Double talk. Boston: Person. Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. IRAL, 10, 209-231. Slabakova, R. (2014). The bottleneck of second language acquisition. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 46(4), 543-559.
Story, N. (2009). A reader for writers (2nd ed.). Texas, USA: Fountainhead Press.
Sibayan, B.P. (1985). Reflections, assertions and speculations on the growth of Pilipino. Southeast Asian Journal of Social Sciences, 13(1), 40-51.
Takimoto, M., & Hashimoto, H. (2010). An eyeopening learning experience: Language learning through interpreting and translation. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 7(1), 86-95.
Tomimori, N., & Nomoto, H. (2013). The acquisition of linguistic and cultural knowledge through the translation of foreign language texts and their dissemination within the public sphere. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 10(1), 292-308.
Tupas, T.R.F. (2011). The new challenge of the mother tongues: The future of Philippine postcolonial language politics. Kritika Kultura, 16, 108-121.
Walter, S.K., & Benson, C. (2012). Language policy and medium of instruction in formal education. In Bernard Spolsky (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Language Policy (pp. 278-300). UK: Cambridge University Press.
Wang, P.L. (2015). Effects of an automated writing evaluation program: Student experiences and perceptions. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 12(1), 79-100.
Xia, X. (2016). Lexical ways of expressing interpersonal meaning and translation strategy. Journal of Language and Teaching and Research, 7(3), 599-603.
Zawahreh, F.A.S. (2013). A linguistic contrastive analysis case study: Out of context translation of Arabic adjectives into English in EFL classroom. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(2), 427-443.
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Published
Dec 21, 2017
Article Details
How to Cite
Munalim, L. O., & Lintao, R. B. (2017). Accuracy of Past Tense in Four Tasks: Does Translation Facilitate Narrative Writing?. AsTEN Journal of Teacher Education, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.56278/asten.v2i1.545
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Research Article