School-Based Resilience Leadership Framework for Principals in Times of Disaster
Main Article Content
Keywords
disasters, disaster management, resilience leadership
Abstract
Disasters pose significant threats to schools, impacting their safety and operations. This study employs a phenomenological qualitative design to explore how school principals lead with resilience during disasters. Participants, selected for their experiences with human-induced (armed conflict, fire) and natural disasters (earthquake, pandemic, typhoon, volcanic eruption), demonstrated resilience through evidence-based decisions and proactive actions. In the pre-disaster phase, principals empower stakeholders through awareness campaigns and training. During disasters, they embody care and the culture of bayanihan (communal collaboration). Post-disaster, they drive adaptive and sustainable initiatives. These practices shaped a localized school-based resilience leadership framework to guide other school leaders.
References
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Atienza, M. E. L. (2019). Human security in practice: The Philippine experience from the perspective of different stakeholders. In Human security norms in East Asia. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97247-3_8
Atienza, M. E. L. (2015). People’s views about human security in five Philippine municipalities. Disaster Prevention and Management, 24(4), 448-467.https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-06-2015-0137
Bongo, P. P., & Manyena, S. B. (2015). From 'government' to 'governance': Tensions in disaster-resilience leadership in Zimbabwe. Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 7(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v7i1.141
Cobanoglu, N. & Demir, S. (2022). Crisis management, agile leadership, and organizational culture in primary
schools. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 10(2), 92-101. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.10n.2p.92
Coombs, W. (2007). Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing and responding (2nd ed.). Sage.
Crosweller, M. (2022). Disaster management and the need for a relational leadership framework founded upon compassion, care, and justice. Climate Risk Management, 35, 100404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2022.100404
Crosweller, M. & Tschakert, P. (2021). Disaster management leadership and policy making: A critical examination of communitarian and individualistic understandings of resilience and vulnerability. Climate Policy, 21(2), 203-221. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2020.1833825
Dartey-Baah, K. (2015). Resilient leadership: A transformational-transactional leadership mix. Journal of Global Responsibility, 6(1), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGR-07-2014-0026
Direen, G. (2017). School leadership in a post-disaster setting. Set Research Information for Teachers, 2, 9–15. https://doi.org/10.18296/set.0078
Dunn, R. (2020). Adaptive leadership: Leading through complexity. International studies in educational administration, 48(1).
Fernandez, F., Coulson, H., & Zou, Y. (2022). Leading in the eye of a storm: How one team of administrators exercised disaster resilience. Higher Education, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00863-0
Firdhous, M. & Karuratane, P. (2018). A model for enhancing the role of Information and communication technologies for improving the resilience of rural communities to disasters. Procedia Engineering, 212, 707-714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.091
Galigan, M., Synder, W., & Woo, R. (2015). Crisis leadership: Guiding the organization through uncertainty and chaos. Deloitte Development LLC.
Gómez, O. A. (2022). International migration and human security under the COVID-19 Galigan, pandemic. In Global pandemic and human security: Technology and development perspective (pp. 165-182).
Gregg, H., Restubog, S., Dasborough, M., Xu, C., Deen, C., & He, Y. (2022). When disaster strikes! An interdisciplinary review of disasters and their organizational consequences. Journal of Management, 48(6), 1382-1429. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063221076808
Harahap, S., Hermanu, D. H., & Sugiharti, T. (2022). Lombok teachers and principals building resilience in facing earthquakes and COVID-19 pandemic. Education Quarterly Reviews, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1993.05.02.489
Hayes, S. & Derrington, M. (2023). School leadership in uncertain times: Identifying dimensions of effective principal leadership. School Leadership & Management, 1-18.
Jenkins, S. (2015). Resilience: The new paradigm in disaster management-An Australian perspective. World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 3(3), 129-139.
Kaldor, M. (2020). Human security: Practical possibilities. LSE Public Policy Review, 1(2).
Kendra, J., Clay, L., & Gill, K. (2018). Resilience and disasters. Handbook of disaster research (PP. 87-107). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63254-4_5
Khan, A., Gupta, S., & Gupta, S. (2020). Multi-hazard disaster studies: Monitoring, detection, recovery, and management, based on emerging technologies and optimal techniques. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 47, 101642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101642
Khazai, B., Anhorn, J., & Burton, C. (2018). Resilience performance scorecard: Measuring urban disaster resilience at multiple levels of geography with case study application to Latitpur, Nepal. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 31, 604-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.06.012
Lim, B., Shrestha, S., Sam, N., Haque, S., Maharjan, R., & Yadav, P. (2015). Comprehensive school safety practices in Asia. World Vision International.
Lindgren, B. M., Lundman, B., & Graneheim, U. H. (2020). Abstraction and interpretation during the qualitative content analysis process. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 108, 103632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103632
Lindstaedt, N. (2021). Human security in disease and disaster. Routledge. Mahmud, A., Mohammad, Z., & Abdullah, K. A. (2020). Leadership in disaster management: Theory versus reality. Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 5(1), 4-11.
Malahay, R. & Estrope, C. (2018). Physical vulnerabilities and problems-encountered among coastal and upland secondary school teachers in the implementation of school disaster preparedness measures. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329538954
Masten, A. (2020). Resilience of children in disasters: A multisystem perspective. International Journal of Psychology, 56(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12737
McEntire, D. (2021, December 22). Disasters and the theory of emergency management. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Retrieved July 23, 2024, from https://oxfordre.com/politics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228637-e-1539.
Merez, A. (2020). Luzon under enhanced community quarantine as COVID-19 cases rise. ABS-CBN News. https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/16/20/duterte-places-luzon-under-enhancedcommunity-quarantine-to-fightcovid-19
Morrison, S. (2017). Leading during a crisis: Are school leaders prepared? [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Northeastern University.
Mutch, C. (2023). How schools build community resilience capacity and social capital in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 92, 103735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103735
Norman, I. D., & Binka, F. N. (2015). Leadership abilities, skills and knowledge in building disaster resilience and response. Issues in Business Management and Economics, 3(3), 45-58.
O'Connor, P., & Takahashi, N. (2014). From caring about to caring for: Case studies of New Zealand and Japanese schools post disaster. Pastoral Care in Education, 32(1), 42-53.
Oliver-Smith, A. (2018). Disasters and large-scale population dislocations: International and national responses. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science.
Olmo-Extremera, M., Townsend, A., & Domingo Segovia, J. (2022). Resilient leadership in principals: Case studies of challenged schools in Spain. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1-20.
Omari, H. (2021). Principals' administrative safety strategies influencing disaster management in public secondary schools in Nyeri County, Kenya [Unpublished doctoral dissertation].
Onigbinde, L. (2018). The impacts of natural disasters on educational attainment: Cross-country evidence from macro data [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of San Francisco.
Opabola, E., Galasso, C., Rossetto, T., Meilianda, E., Idris, Y., & Nurdin, S. (2019). Investing In disaster preparedness and effective recovery of school physical infrastructure. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 90, 103623.
Opulencia-Calub, S. & Gough, T. (2019). Philippines case study urban disaster response. Global Alliance for Urban Crises. https://www.urbancrises.org
Pal, I., Raj, V., Pal, A., & Sukwanchai, K. (2021). Disaster risk reduction education (DRRE) and resilience in Asia Pacific. In Disaster resilience and sustainability (pp. 667-683). Elsevier.
Pangandoyon, R. T., Lupina, S. P., Mandin, M. O., & Bauyot, M. M. (2024). A multiple case study on the resilient leadership in integrated schools: School heads’ perspective in focus. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 50(1), 28-41.
Parker, D. (2020). Disaster resilience - a challenged science. Environmental Hazards, 19(1), 1-9. https://doi: 10.1080/17477891.2019.1694857
Pearson, C. & Mitroff, I. (2019). From crisis prone to crisis prepared: A framework for crisis Management. In Risk management (pp. 185-196). Routledge.
Petal, M., Wisner, B., Kelman, I., Alexander, D., Cardona, O. D., Benouar, D., & Kandel, R. C. (2015). School seismic safety and risk mitigation. In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 2450-2468.
Petitmengin, C., Remillieux, A., & Valenzuela-Moguillansky, C. (2019). Discovering the structures of lived experience: Towards a micro-phenomenological analysis method. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 18(4), 691-730.
Potter, P., Pavlakis, A., & Roberts, J. (2020). Calming the Storm: Natural Disasters, Crisis Management, and School Leadership. Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership, 24(2), 96-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/1555458920973695
Powell, T., & Brack, J. (2019). Humanitarian response after a complex environmental disaster: A case study of Typhoon Haiyan. In Social work and sustainability in Asia (pp. 109-118). Routledge.
Praveena, K. R., & Sasikumar, S. (2021). Application of Colaizzi's method of data analysis in phenomenological research. Medical Legislation Update, 21(2), 914-918.
Pulhin, J. M., Inoue, M., & Shaw, R. (2021). Climate change, disaster risks, and human security. Disaster Risk Reduction, 55, 102103.
Rahma, A., Mardiatno, D., & Hizbaron, D. R. (2024). Developing a theoretical framework: school ecosystem-based disaster risk education. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 33(1), 6-23.
Sahasranamam, S., & Soundararajan, V. (2022). Innovation ecosystems: What makes them responsive during emergencies? British Journal of Management, 33(1), 369-389.
Save the Children (2016). Disaster risk reduction in the education sector - Save the Children’s Experience in Asia: 2007-2013: Preparing for the Post-2015 Agenda. https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/sites/default/files/documents/drr_in_the_education_sector-_save_the_childrens_experience_in_asia.pdf
Shah, A., Gong, Z., Pal, I., Sun, R., Ullah, W., & Wani, G. (2020). Disaster risk management Insight of school emergency preparedness: A case study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, 101805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101805
Shaw, R., Pulhin, J. M., & Inoue, M. (2021). Disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation, and human security: A historical perspective under the Hyogo framework and beyond. In Climate change, disaster risks, and human security: Asian experience and perspectives (pp. 21-36).
Shelton, C. D., Hein, S. D., & Phipps, K. A. (2022). Positive and proactive leadership: Disentangling the relationships between stress, resilience, leadership style and leader satisfaction/well-being. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 30(2), 408-429.
Southwick, F., Charney, D., Martini, B., & Southwick S. (2017). Leadership and resilience. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318034847.
Tipler, K., Tarrant, R., Tuffin, K., & Johnston, D. (2018). Learning from experience: Emergency response in schools. Natural Hazards, 90(3), 1237-1257.
Twigg, J. (2015). Disaster risk reduction. London, UK: Overseas Development Institute Wang, Y., Lin, S., & Lee, C. (2020). Conducting an evaluation framework for disaster management under adaptive organization change in a school system. Sustainability, 12(16), 6615. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166615
Weiland, K. D. (2019). Don't let their future blow away: An integrated methodology to inform school leaders of the dimensions and determinants of school vulnerability leading to disaster learning loss Digital Commons @
DU. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/1699.
Yulianto, E., Rafliana, I., Febriawati, L., & Aditya, V. (2023). A review of pre-disaster public awareness activities on public readiness: The 2010 Mentawai tsunami. Natural Hazards Research, 3(2), June 2023, 313-325.
Yusuf, R., Razali, Sanusi, Maimun, Fajri, I., & Gani, S. (2022). Disaster education in disaster-prone schools: A systematic review. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental. Science, 1041 012034. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1041/1/012034
Alcayna, T., Bollettino, V., Dy, P., & Vinck, P. (2016). Resilience and disaster trends in Philippines: Opportunities for national and local capacity building. PLOS Current Disasters. https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.dis.4a0bc960866e53bd6357ac135d740846
Atienza, M. E. L. (2019). Human security in practice: The Philippine experience from the perspective of different stakeholders. In Human security norms in East Asia. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97247-3_8
Atienza, M. E. L. (2015). People’s views about human security in five Philippine municipalities. Disaster Prevention and Management, 24(4), 448-467.https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-06-2015-0137
Bongo, P. P., & Manyena, S. B. (2015). From 'government' to 'governance': Tensions in disaster-resilience leadership in Zimbabwe. Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 7(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v7i1.141
Cobanoglu, N. & Demir, S. (2022). Crisis management, agile leadership, and organizational culture in primary
schools. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 10(2), 92-101. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.10n.2p.92
Coombs, W. (2007). Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing and responding (2nd ed.). Sage.
Crosweller, M. (2022). Disaster management and the need for a relational leadership framework founded upon compassion, care, and justice. Climate Risk Management, 35, 100404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2022.100404
Crosweller, M. & Tschakert, P. (2021). Disaster management leadership and policy making: A critical examination of communitarian and individualistic understandings of resilience and vulnerability. Climate Policy, 21(2), 203-221. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2020.1833825
Dartey-Baah, K. (2015). Resilient leadership: A transformational-transactional leadership mix. Journal of Global Responsibility, 6(1), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGR-07-2014-0026
Direen, G. (2017). School leadership in a post-disaster setting. Set Research Information for Teachers, 2, 9–15. https://doi.org/10.18296/set.0078
Dunn, R. (2020). Adaptive leadership: Leading through complexity. International studies in educational administration, 48(1).
Fernandez, F., Coulson, H., & Zou, Y. (2022). Leading in the eye of a storm: How one team of administrators exercised disaster resilience. Higher Education, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00863-0
Firdhous, M. & Karuratane, P. (2018). A model for enhancing the role of Information and communication technologies for improving the resilience of rural communities to disasters. Procedia Engineering, 212, 707-714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.091
Galigan, M., Synder, W., & Woo, R. (2015). Crisis leadership: Guiding the organization through uncertainty and chaos. Deloitte Development LLC.
Gómez, O. A. (2022). International migration and human security under the COVID-19 Galigan, pandemic. In Global pandemic and human security: Technology and development perspective (pp. 165-182).
Gregg, H., Restubog, S., Dasborough, M., Xu, C., Deen, C., & He, Y. (2022). When disaster strikes! An interdisciplinary review of disasters and their organizational consequences. Journal of Management, 48(6), 1382-1429. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063221076808
Harahap, S., Hermanu, D. H., & Sugiharti, T. (2022). Lombok teachers and principals building resilience in facing earthquakes and COVID-19 pandemic. Education Quarterly Reviews, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1993.05.02.489
Hayes, S. & Derrington, M. (2023). School leadership in uncertain times: Identifying dimensions of effective principal leadership. School Leadership & Management, 1-18.
Jenkins, S. (2015). Resilience: The new paradigm in disaster management-An Australian perspective. World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 3(3), 129-139.
Kaldor, M. (2020). Human security: Practical possibilities. LSE Public Policy Review, 1(2).
Kendra, J., Clay, L., & Gill, K. (2018). Resilience and disasters. Handbook of disaster research (PP. 87-107). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63254-4_5
Khan, A., Gupta, S., & Gupta, S. (2020). Multi-hazard disaster studies: Monitoring, detection, recovery, and management, based on emerging technologies and optimal techniques. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 47, 101642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101642
Khazai, B., Anhorn, J., & Burton, C. (2018). Resilience performance scorecard: Measuring urban disaster resilience at multiple levels of geography with case study application to Latitpur, Nepal. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 31, 604-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.06.012
Lim, B., Shrestha, S., Sam, N., Haque, S., Maharjan, R., & Yadav, P. (2015). Comprehensive school safety practices in Asia. World Vision International.
Lindgren, B. M., Lundman, B., & Graneheim, U. H. (2020). Abstraction and interpretation during the qualitative content analysis process. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 108, 103632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103632
Lindstaedt, N. (2021). Human security in disease and disaster. Routledge. Mahmud, A., Mohammad, Z., & Abdullah, K. A. (2020). Leadership in disaster management: Theory versus reality. Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 5(1), 4-11.
Malahay, R. & Estrope, C. (2018). Physical vulnerabilities and problems-encountered among coastal and upland secondary school teachers in the implementation of school disaster preparedness measures. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329538954
Masten, A. (2020). Resilience of children in disasters: A multisystem perspective. International Journal of Psychology, 56(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12737
McEntire, D. (2021, December 22). Disasters and the theory of emergency management. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Retrieved July 23, 2024, from https://oxfordre.com/politics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228637-e-1539.
Merez, A. (2020). Luzon under enhanced community quarantine as COVID-19 cases rise. ABS-CBN News. https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/16/20/duterte-places-luzon-under-enhancedcommunity-quarantine-to-fightcovid-19
Morrison, S. (2017). Leading during a crisis: Are school leaders prepared? [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Northeastern University.
Mutch, C. (2023). How schools build community resilience capacity and social capital in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 92, 103735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103735
Norman, I. D., & Binka, F. N. (2015). Leadership abilities, skills and knowledge in building disaster resilience and response. Issues in Business Management and Economics, 3(3), 45-58.
O'Connor, P., & Takahashi, N. (2014). From caring about to caring for: Case studies of New Zealand and Japanese schools post disaster. Pastoral Care in Education, 32(1), 42-53.
Oliver-Smith, A. (2018). Disasters and large-scale population dislocations: International and national responses. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science.
Olmo-Extremera, M., Townsend, A., & Domingo Segovia, J. (2022). Resilient leadership in principals: Case studies of challenged schools in Spain. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1-20.
Omari, H. (2021). Principals' administrative safety strategies influencing disaster management in public secondary schools in Nyeri County, Kenya [Unpublished doctoral dissertation].
Onigbinde, L. (2018). The impacts of natural disasters on educational attainment: Cross-country evidence from macro data [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of San Francisco.
Opabola, E., Galasso, C., Rossetto, T., Meilianda, E., Idris, Y., & Nurdin, S. (2019). Investing In disaster preparedness and effective recovery of school physical infrastructure. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 90, 103623.
Opulencia-Calub, S. & Gough, T. (2019). Philippines case study urban disaster response. Global Alliance for Urban Crises. https://www.urbancrises.org
Pal, I., Raj, V., Pal, A., & Sukwanchai, K. (2021). Disaster risk reduction education (DRRE) and resilience in Asia Pacific. In Disaster resilience and sustainability (pp. 667-683). Elsevier.
Pangandoyon, R. T., Lupina, S. P., Mandin, M. O., & Bauyot, M. M. (2024). A multiple case study on the resilient leadership in integrated schools: School heads’ perspective in focus. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 50(1), 28-41.
Parker, D. (2020). Disaster resilience - a challenged science. Environmental Hazards, 19(1), 1-9. https://doi: 10.1080/17477891.2019.1694857
Pearson, C. & Mitroff, I. (2019). From crisis prone to crisis prepared: A framework for crisis Management. In Risk management (pp. 185-196). Routledge.
Petal, M., Wisner, B., Kelman, I., Alexander, D., Cardona, O. D., Benouar, D., & Kandel, R. C. (2015). School seismic safety and risk mitigation. In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 2450-2468.
Petitmengin, C., Remillieux, A., & Valenzuela-Moguillansky, C. (2019). Discovering the structures of lived experience: Towards a micro-phenomenological analysis method. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 18(4), 691-730.
Potter, P., Pavlakis, A., & Roberts, J. (2020). Calming the Storm: Natural Disasters, Crisis Management, and School Leadership. Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership, 24(2), 96-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/1555458920973695
Powell, T., & Brack, J. (2019). Humanitarian response after a complex environmental disaster: A case study of Typhoon Haiyan. In Social work and sustainability in Asia (pp. 109-118). Routledge.
Praveena, K. R., & Sasikumar, S. (2021). Application of Colaizzi's method of data analysis in phenomenological research. Medical Legislation Update, 21(2), 914-918.
Pulhin, J. M., Inoue, M., & Shaw, R. (2021). Climate change, disaster risks, and human security. Disaster Risk Reduction, 55, 102103.
Rahma, A., Mardiatno, D., & Hizbaron, D. R. (2024). Developing a theoretical framework: school ecosystem-based disaster risk education. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 33(1), 6-23.
Sahasranamam, S., & Soundararajan, V. (2022). Innovation ecosystems: What makes them responsive during emergencies? British Journal of Management, 33(1), 369-389.
Save the Children (2016). Disaster risk reduction in the education sector - Save the Children’s Experience in Asia: 2007-2013: Preparing for the Post-2015 Agenda. https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/sites/default/files/documents/drr_in_the_education_sector-_save_the_childrens_experience_in_asia.pdf
Shah, A., Gong, Z., Pal, I., Sun, R., Ullah, W., & Wani, G. (2020). Disaster risk management Insight of school emergency preparedness: A case study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, 101805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101805
Shaw, R., Pulhin, J. M., & Inoue, M. (2021). Disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation, and human security: A historical perspective under the Hyogo framework and beyond. In Climate change, disaster risks, and human security: Asian experience and perspectives (pp. 21-36).
Shelton, C. D., Hein, S. D., & Phipps, K. A. (2022). Positive and proactive leadership: Disentangling the relationships between stress, resilience, leadership style and leader satisfaction/well-being. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 30(2), 408-429.
Southwick, F., Charney, D., Martini, B., & Southwick S. (2017). Leadership and resilience. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318034847.
Tipler, K., Tarrant, R., Tuffin, K., & Johnston, D. (2018). Learning from experience: Emergency response in schools. Natural Hazards, 90(3), 1237-1257.
Twigg, J. (2015). Disaster risk reduction. London, UK: Overseas Development Institute Wang, Y., Lin, S., & Lee, C. (2020). Conducting an evaluation framework for disaster management under adaptive organization change in a school system. Sustainability, 12(16), 6615. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166615
Weiland, K. D. (2019). Don't let their future blow away: An integrated methodology to inform school leaders of the dimensions and determinants of school vulnerability leading to disaster learning loss Digital Commons @
DU. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/1699.
Yulianto, E., Rafliana, I., Febriawati, L., & Aditya, V. (2023). A review of pre-disaster public awareness activities on public readiness: The 2010 Mentawai tsunami. Natural Hazards Research, 3(2), June 2023, 313-325.
Yusuf, R., Razali, Sanusi, Maimun, Fajri, I., & Gani, S. (2022). Disaster education in disaster-prone schools: A systematic review. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental. Science, 1041 012034. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1041/1/012034
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Dec 3, 2024
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Lopez, V. (2024). School-Based Resilience Leadership Framework for Principals in Times of Disaster. AsTEN Journal of Teacher Education. Retrieved from https://po.pnuresearchportal.org/ejournal/index.php/asten/article/view/2743
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