POWER AND IDEOLOGY IN THE CATHOLIC BISHOPS' CONFERENCE OF THE PHILIPPINES' PASTORAL LETTERS AFTER THE MARTIAL LAW YEARS: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Main Article Content
Keywords
Critical Discourse Analysis, Clerical Language, Power and Ideolog, Philosophy and Communication in Linguistics, education
Abstract
The Church and State's separation is maintained through a Constitutional provision, but such has caused controversies because the Catholic Church remains vocal in its political stand. Political leaders have accused church leaders with meddling on socio-political affairs. Religion is seldom critically examined in that statements and opinions of its leaders are readily accepted by believers. In this light the Pastoral Letters issued by the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines released after the Martial Law years were examined, given that the restored democracy safeguarded freedom of expression and speech. Analysis was done using Jager's (2001), Osgood's (in Littlejohn, 1996), Fairclough's (1995), and Delia's (1987) theories. Textual organization, linguistic components focusing on agency, topicalization, modality, and coherence, presupposition, ideology, and constructs on religiosity, law and order, and politics were crafted to guarantee favorable response from the Catholic flock.
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Cummins, J. (2000). Language, power and pedagogy: Bilingual children in the crossfire. New York, USA: Multilingual matters.
Dabbous-Sensenig, D. (2006). To Veil or Not to Veil: Gender and Religion on Al-Jazeera's Islamic Law and Life. Retrieved Jan. 8, 2012 from http://www.westminster.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/ 20137/4WPCC-Vol3-No2-D_Dabbous_Sensenig.pdf.
Heather, N. (2000). Religious language and critical discourse analysis: Ideology and identity in Christian discourse today. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Huckin, T. (1997). Critical discourse analysis in Miller, T. Functional approaches to written text: Classroom applications. Washington: English Language Programs
Hutchinson, T. & Water, A. (1986). English for specific purposes: A learning-centered approach. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Fairclough, N. (2010). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language (2nd Edition). United Kingdom: Pearson Education ESL.
Fairclough, N. (2001). Language and power: Language in social life (2nd Edition). Harlow, United Kingdom: Pearson ESL
Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. New York: Longman Group Limited.
Hirschberg, S. & Hirschberg, T. (1999). Reflections on language. New York: Oxford University Press.
Fowler, R. (1991.) Language in the news: Discourse and ideology in the press. London, United Kingdom: Routledge.
Hawkes, D. (2003). Ideology: The new critical idiom. London, United Kingdom: Routledge.
Johnson, S. & Milani, T. (2010). Language ideologies and media discourse: Texts, Practices, Politics. New York, USA: Continuum International Publishing Group.
Johnstone, B. (2002). “Discourse analysis as a methodology for rhetorical study.” Retrieved Nov. 18, 2007 from http://english.cmu.edu.
Littlejohn, S. & Foss, K. (2010). Theories of human communication (10th Edition). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press Inc.
Littlejohn, S. (1992). Theories of human communication (4th Edition). California: Wadsworth Publishing.
Martin, J & Nakayama, N. (1997). Intercultural communication in contexts. California: Mayfield Publishing Company.
Mooney, A., Thomas, L., Wareing, S., Peccei, J., LaBelle, S., Henriksen, B., Eppler, E., Irwin, A., Pichler, P., Preece, S., and Soden, S., (2011). Language, society and power: An introduction (3rd Edition) New York, USA: Routledge.
Okamota, S. & Shibamoto-Smith, J. (2004). Japanese language, gender, and ideology: Cultural models and real people. New York, USA: Oxford University Press
Rizwan, Snobra (2011) "Religion, Ideology and Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Majlis-e-Hussain,". Retrieved Jan. 8, 2012 from http://ir.uiowa.edu/mathal/vol1/iss1/1. (January 8, 2012).
Roselle, L. (2006). Media and the politics of failure: Great power, communication strategies and military defeats. New York, USA: Palgrave Macmillan.
Sellnow, D. (2010). The rhetorical power of popular culture: Consolidating mediated texts. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Shieffelin, B., Woolard, K., & Kroskrity, P.(1998). Language ideologies: Practice and theory. New York, USA: Oxford University Press.
Singh, P. & Thuraisingam, T. (2011). “Language for Reconciliation in Religious Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Contradictions in Sermons Explored through the Activity Theory Framework” in Multilingua: Journal of Cross-Cultural and Interlanguage Communication. Retrieved Jan. 8, 2012 from http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mult.2011.019.
Stede, Connective-based Local Coherence Analysis: A Lexicon for Recognizing Causal Relationships. Manfred Stede http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/W/W08/W08-2218.pdf
Underhill, J. (2011). Creating worldviews: Metaphor, ideology and language. George Square, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd.
Van Djik, T. (1997). “Discourse as Social Interaction.” Retrieved Mar. 11, 2008 from http://www.aere.edu.au.
Van Djik, T. (1996). Discourse, power and access. In Carmen Rosa Caldas-Coulthard and Malcolm Coulthard (Eds), Reading in critical discourse analysis (pp.84-104). London, England: Routledge.
Van Djik, T. (1995). Ideological discourse analysis. In Eija Ventola and Anna Solin (Eds). Special issue Interdisciplinary approaches to Discourse Analysis, (pp. 135-161).
Van Djik, T. (1993). Discourse and cognition in society. In D. Crowley & D. Mitchell (Eds.). Communication theory today, (pp. 107126). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Van Djik, T. (1991). “Critical Studies on Racism and Migration.” Retrieved Jan. 7, 2008 from http://users.utu.fi/bredelli/cda.html.
Van Djik, T. (1989). Social cognition and discourse. In H. Giles & R. Robinsons (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology and language, (pp.163-183). Chichester: Wiley.
Van Djik, T. (1989). Structures of discourse and structures of power. In J. Anderson (Ed.), Communication yearbook 12, (pp. 18-59). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Van Djik, T. (1982). Relevance in text and context. In S. Allen (Eds.), Text processing, (pp.415-432). Stockholm: Almgvist & Wiksell.
Van Djik, T. (1979). Cognitive processing of literary discourse. Poetics today 1, 143-160.
Van Djik, T. (1979). Relevance assignment in discourse comprehension. Discourse processes 2, 113-126.
Van Djik, T. (1978). Towards a model of text comprehension and production. With W. Kintsch. Psychological review 85, 363-394.
Van Djik, T. (1977). Context and cognition: Knowledge frames and speech act comprehension. Journal of Pragmatics 1, 211232.
Van Djik, T. (1977). Pragmatic macrostructures in discourse and cognition. In M. de Mey et al., (Eds.), CC 77, (pp. 99-113). University of Ghent.
Wodak, R. & Meyer, M. (2004). Methods of critical discourse analysis. London: Sage Publications, Ltd.
Wolf, E. (1999). Envisioning power: Ideologies of dominance and crisis. Los Angeles, California: University of California Press.
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Aug 4, 2015
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How to Cite
Gochuico, J. V., Gonong, G. O., & Reyes, Z. Q. (2015). POWER AND IDEOLOGY IN THE CATHOLIC BISHOPS’ CONFERENCE OF THE PHILIPPINES’ PASTORAL LETTERS AFTER THE MARTIAL LAW YEARS: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS. The Normal Lights, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.56278/tnl.v9i1.7
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Research Article
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