Life Narratives of Women-Recipients of University-Designed Extension Programs
Main Article Content
Keywords
community work, extension programs narratives, women, life-narratives, women-empowerment
Abstract
Women's involvement in community activities is common in university-designed extension programs. This paper explores the life stories of women who believed there were changes in their quality of life and relationships with their families and other women as a result of participating in these activities. Focusing on producing gourmet gourami (bottled fish), a focus-group discussion was conducted among nine women-volunteers in a rural community in Quezon, Philippines. The academic and community collaboration produced women who perceived themselves as equals to their partners and advocates for change. This translational process from theory to practice was seen as helpful by the participants and led to motivating others to participate. The research may be a platform for stakeholders, especially academicians and policy-makers, to consider concentrating on how university-learned ideals and knowledge can be beneficial for community members.
Publication History
Version of Record online: August 22, 2022
Manuscript accepted: February 7, 2022
Manuscript revised: November 10, 2021
Manuscript received: April 2, 2020
References
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Baynes, J., Herbohn, J., Russell, I., & Smith, C. (2011). Bringing Agroforestry Technology to Farmers in the Philippines: Identifying Constraints to the Success of Extension Activities Using Systems Modelling. Small-Scale Forestry, 10(3), 357–376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-010-9153-8
Bhatt, G., & Tweed, R. (2018). University and community acting together to address youth violence and gang involvement. Canadian Psychology, 59(2), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000149
Butina, M. (2015). A Narrative Approach to Qualitative Inquiry. American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science, 28(3), 190–196. https://doi.org/10.29074/ascls.28.3.190
Carr, E. S. (2003). Rethinking empowerment theory using a feminist lens: The importance of process. Affilia - Journal of Women and Social Work, 18(1), 8–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109902239092
Chavis, D. M., & Wandersman, A. (1990). Sense of community in the urban environment: A catalyst for participation and community development. American Journal of Community Psychology,18, 55–81.
Christens, B., & Perkins, D. D. (2008). Transdisciplinary, multilevel action research to enhance ecological and psycho- political validity. Journal of Community Psychology, 36(2), 214-231.
Christia, F., Enikolopov, R., Beath, A., & Bank, W. (2013). Empowering Women through Development Aid: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Afghanistan. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055413000270
Codamon-Dugyon, E. M. (2016). Impact of community extension programs on the residents of selected adopted barangays of Ifugao State University, Philippines. International Journal of Advanced Research, 4(6), 535-539.
Cortiñas, Dalwampo, De Guzman Galomo, Untalan. (2011). Level of awareness of LIMA Students on the Com-Ex Program of the Academy. Unpublished thesis, Lyceum of the Philippines University, Batangas.
Daquis, M. A., Flores, N. A., & Plandez, R. Z. (2016). Implementation of extension project of radiologic technology department in one barangay of San Jose, Batangas, Philippines. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, 3(3), 109- 115.
Deka, G., & Borbora, D. R. D. (2017). Education and empowerment of women. International Education and Research Journal, 3(1), 117-118.
Demuth, C., & Mey, G. (2015). Qualitative Methodology in Developmental Psychology. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition, 19, 668–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.23156-5
Drabble, L., & Trocki, K. (2014). Alcohol in the life narratives of women: Commonalities and differences by sexual orientation. Addiction Research and Theory, 22(3), 186–194. https://doi.org/10.3109/16066359.2013.806651
Edwards, R. (2011). The construction of women’s lives through narrative voice in Jonathan Lewis’s China: Women of the Country. Women’s Studies, 40(7), 910–933. https://doi.org/10.1080/00497878.2011.603605
Evans, A. (2014). “Women Can Do What Men Can Do”:The Causes and Consequences of Growing Flexibility in Gender Divisions of Labour in Kitwe, Zambia. Journal of Southern African Studies, 40(5), 981–998. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2014.946214
Figgou, L., & Pavlopoulos, V. (2015). Social Psychology: Research Methods. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition (Second Edi, Vol. 21). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.24028-2
FAO. (2013). CEDAW - Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. A Tool for Gender-Sensitive Agriculture and Rural Development Policy and Programme Formulation. Guidelines for Ministries of Agriculture and FAO. Rome.
Fawcett, S. B., Seekins, T., Whang, P. L., Muiu, C., & Suarez de Balcazar, Y. (1984). Creating and using social technologies for community empowerment. Prevention in Human Services, 3,145–171
Graham-Bermann, S. A., & Miller-Graff, L. (2015). Community-based intervention for women exposed to intimate partner violence: A randomized control trial. Journal of Family Psychology, 29(4), 537–547. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000091
Henry, S.G. (2011). The tyranny of reality. JAMA, 305(4), 338-339.
Herwaman, A. (2005). Analyzing variations in employee empowerment in Indonesia. The University of Manchester. https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:ths0030&datastreamId=Fulltext.pdf.
Kabeer, Naila. (1994). Reversed Realities: Gender Hierarchies in Development Thought. London: Verso.
Kaminski, M., Kaufman, J., Graubarth, R., & Robins, T. (2000). How do people become empowered? A case study of union activists. Human Relations, 53, 1357-1383.
Koelsch, L. E., Bennett, E., & Goldberg, S. G. (2017). Listening for Home: Urban Women’s Experiences in an Uprooted Community. Humanistic Psychologist, 45(4), 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1037/hum0000069
Laguador, J. M., & Chavez, N. H. (2013). Assessment of Engineering Students’ Acquired Affective Learning From Involvement in Community Extension Services. Academic Research International, 4(3), 188–197.
Laguador, J. M., Mandigma, L. B., & Agena, E. (2013). Community extension service in the waste management practices of Brgy. Wawa residents in Batangas City. Academic Research International, 4(4), 141-152.
Llenares, I. I., & Deocaris, C. C. (2018). Measuring the impact of an academe community extension program in the Philippines. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 15(1), 35–55. https://doi.org/10.32890/mjli2018.15.1.2
Maton, K. I. (2008). Empowering community settings: Agents of individual development, community betterment, and positive social change. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41, 4–21.
McAdams, D. P. (2001). The Psychology of Life Stories. Review of General Psychology, 5(2), 100–122.
McAdams, D. P., & McLean, K. C. (2013). Narrative Identity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(3), 233–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413475622
Metwally A.M., Saleh, R.M., El-Etreby, L.A., Salama, S.I., Aboulghate, A., Amer, H.A, et al. (2019). Enhancing the value of women reproductive rights through community based interventions in upper Egypt governorates: a randomized interventional study. International Journal for Equity in Health, 18(1), 146. https://doi.org/10. 1186/s12939-019-1042-y.
Micik, K. (2011). Women take more active production role on farm. DTN/Progressive Farmer. Retrieved from http://www.dtnprogressivefarmer.com/dtnag/view/ag/printablepage.do?ID=NE S_PRIN Retrieved on March 2020.
Miles, L. (2016). The Social Relations Approach, empowerment and women factory workers in Malaysia. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 37(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X14533734
Mon, M. (2000). The economic position of women in Burma. Asian Studies Review, 24(2), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357820008713272
Moritsugu, J., Vera, E.G., Wong, F.W., & Duffy, K.G. (2013). Community psychology. (5th Edition). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson.
Ofreneo, Rosalinda Pineda and Hega, M. D. (2010). Women’s solidarity economy initiatives to strengthen food security in response to disasters. Disaster Prevention and Management, 34(1), 1–5.
Perkins, D. D. (Chair). (1993). Empowerment theory, research and policy. Symposium conducted at the biennial conference on Community Research and Action, Willamsburg, VA. (Participants: J. G. Kelly, K. I. Maton, T. Moore, D. D. Perkins, J. Rappaport, M. A. Zimmerman).
Perkins, D.D. (2010). Empowerment. IN R.A. CoutO (ED.), Political and civic leadership: a reference handbook (207-218). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Perkins, D. D., & Zimmerman, M. A. (1995). Empowerment theory, research, and application. An introduction to a special issue. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 569–579
Peterson, N.A. and Zimmerman, M.A. (2004), “Beyond the individual: toward a nomological network of organizational empowerment”, American Journal of Community Psychology, 13 (5), 569-579. Ram, K. (2007). Untimeliness as moral indictment: Tamil agricultural labouring women’s use of lament as life narrative. Australian Journal of Anthropology, 18(2), 138–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.2007.tb00085.x
Rappaport, J. (1987). Terms of empowerment/exemplars of prevention: Toward a theory for community
psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15, 121-148.
Rissing, A. (2013). Iowan women farmers’ perspective on alternative agriculture and gender. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 3(2), 127-136.
Rubio, J.-A. M., Vianca, C., Pentinio, P., Ascan, J. C., Mendoza, M. C. D., Vito, J. V, & Encio, H. A. (2016). Involvement in community extension program of business administration students in one higher education institution in the Philippines. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 4(1), 109–122.
Schlosser, G. A. (2001). Stories of Success from Eminent Finnish Women: A narrative study. High Ability Studies, 12(1), 61–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598130120058699
Sharma, C. (2004). The impact of fisheries development and globalization processes on women of fishing communities in the Asian region. SPC Women in Fisheries Information Bulletin, 14 (September), 27–29. Retrieved from www.spc.int/DigitalLibrary/Doc/FAME/InfoBull/WIF/14/WIF14_27_Sharma.pdf
Trauger, A., Sachs, C., Barbercheck, M., Kiernan, N. E., Brasier, K., & Swartzberg, A. (2010). The object of extension: agricultural education and authentic farmers in Pennsylvania. Sociologia Ruralis, 50(2), 85-103.
Vargas, T. M., Flores, M. M., Beyer, R., Block, M., & Vella, S. (2015). Coaches’ perceptions and proposed solutions for challenging behaviors: Implications for athletes with hidden disabilities. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 10(5), 783–796.
Vigil, J. M., & Geary, D. C. (2006). Parenting and community background and variation in women’s life-history development. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(4), 597–604. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.20.4.597
Xu, Q., Perkins, D. D., & Chow, J. C.-C. (2010). Sense of community, neighboring, and social capital as predictors of local political participation in China. American Journal of Community Psychology, 45, 259-271.
Yeh, C. J., Borrero, N. E., Lusheck, C., Plascencia, L., Kiliona, K., Mase, M., … Tito, P. (2015). Fostering social support, leadership competence, community engagement, and resilience among Samoan American youth. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 6(2), 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038545
Zablon Bundi Mutongu, Z. B. (2012). Women’s participation in community-based organizations’ development as a strategy for poverty reduction in Kenya. Priscilla Papers, 26 (1), 10 – 17.
Zimmerman, M. (1995). Psychological empowerment: Issues and illustrations. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 581-598.
Zimmerman, M. A. (2000). Empowerment theory: Psychological, organiza- tional, and community levels of analysis. In J. Rappaport & E Seidman (Eds.), Handbook of community psychology (pp. 43–63). New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
Baynes, J., Herbohn, J., Russell, I., & Smith, C. (2011). Bringing Agroforestry Technology to Farmers in the Philippines: Identifying Constraints to the Success of Extension Activities Using Systems Modelling. Small-Scale Forestry, 10(3), 357–376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-010-9153-8
Bhatt, G., & Tweed, R. (2018). University and community acting together to address youth violence and gang involvement. Canadian Psychology, 59(2), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000149
Butina, M. (2015). A Narrative Approach to Qualitative Inquiry. American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science, 28(3), 190–196. https://doi.org/10.29074/ascls.28.3.190
Carr, E. S. (2003). Rethinking empowerment theory using a feminist lens: The importance of process. Affilia - Journal of Women and Social Work, 18(1), 8–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109902239092
Chavis, D. M., & Wandersman, A. (1990). Sense of community in the urban environment: A catalyst for participation and community development. American Journal of Community Psychology,18, 55–81.
Christens, B., & Perkins, D. D. (2008). Transdisciplinary, multilevel action research to enhance ecological and psycho- political validity. Journal of Community Psychology, 36(2), 214-231.
Christia, F., Enikolopov, R., Beath, A., & Bank, W. (2013). Empowering Women through Development Aid: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Afghanistan. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055413000270
Codamon-Dugyon, E. M. (2016). Impact of community extension programs on the residents of selected adopted barangays of Ifugao State University, Philippines. International Journal of Advanced Research, 4(6), 535-539.
Cortiñas, Dalwampo, De Guzman Galomo, Untalan. (2011). Level of awareness of LIMA Students on the Com-Ex Program of the Academy. Unpublished thesis, Lyceum of the Philippines University, Batangas.
Daquis, M. A., Flores, N. A., & Plandez, R. Z. (2016). Implementation of extension project of radiologic technology department in one barangay of San Jose, Batangas, Philippines. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, 3(3), 109- 115.
Deka, G., & Borbora, D. R. D. (2017). Education and empowerment of women. International Education and Research Journal, 3(1), 117-118.
Demuth, C., & Mey, G. (2015). Qualitative Methodology in Developmental Psychology. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition, 19, 668–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.23156-5
Drabble, L., & Trocki, K. (2014). Alcohol in the life narratives of women: Commonalities and differences by sexual orientation. Addiction Research and Theory, 22(3), 186–194. https://doi.org/10.3109/16066359.2013.806651
Edwards, R. (2011). The construction of women’s lives through narrative voice in Jonathan Lewis’s China: Women of the Country. Women’s Studies, 40(7), 910–933. https://doi.org/10.1080/00497878.2011.603605
Evans, A. (2014). “Women Can Do What Men Can Do”:The Causes and Consequences of Growing Flexibility in Gender Divisions of Labour in Kitwe, Zambia. Journal of Southern African Studies, 40(5), 981–998. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2014.946214
Figgou, L., & Pavlopoulos, V. (2015). Social Psychology: Research Methods. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition (Second Edi, Vol. 21). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.24028-2
FAO. (2013). CEDAW - Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. A Tool for Gender-Sensitive Agriculture and Rural Development Policy and Programme Formulation. Guidelines for Ministries of Agriculture and FAO. Rome.
Fawcett, S. B., Seekins, T., Whang, P. L., Muiu, C., & Suarez de Balcazar, Y. (1984). Creating and using social technologies for community empowerment. Prevention in Human Services, 3,145–171
Graham-Bermann, S. A., & Miller-Graff, L. (2015). Community-based intervention for women exposed to intimate partner violence: A randomized control trial. Journal of Family Psychology, 29(4), 537–547. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000091
Henry, S.G. (2011). The tyranny of reality. JAMA, 305(4), 338-339.
Herwaman, A. (2005). Analyzing variations in employee empowerment in Indonesia. The University of Manchester. https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:ths0030&datastreamId=Fulltext.pdf.
Kabeer, Naila. (1994). Reversed Realities: Gender Hierarchies in Development Thought. London: Verso.
Kaminski, M., Kaufman, J., Graubarth, R., & Robins, T. (2000). How do people become empowered? A case study of union activists. Human Relations, 53, 1357-1383.
Koelsch, L. E., Bennett, E., & Goldberg, S. G. (2017). Listening for Home: Urban Women’s Experiences in an Uprooted Community. Humanistic Psychologist, 45(4), 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1037/hum0000069
Laguador, J. M., & Chavez, N. H. (2013). Assessment of Engineering Students’ Acquired Affective Learning From Involvement in Community Extension Services. Academic Research International, 4(3), 188–197.
Laguador, J. M., Mandigma, L. B., & Agena, E. (2013). Community extension service in the waste management practices of Brgy. Wawa residents in Batangas City. Academic Research International, 4(4), 141-152.
Llenares, I. I., & Deocaris, C. C. (2018). Measuring the impact of an academe community extension program in the Philippines. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 15(1), 35–55. https://doi.org/10.32890/mjli2018.15.1.2
Maton, K. I. (2008). Empowering community settings: Agents of individual development, community betterment, and positive social change. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41, 4–21.
McAdams, D. P. (2001). The Psychology of Life Stories. Review of General Psychology, 5(2), 100–122.
McAdams, D. P., & McLean, K. C. (2013). Narrative Identity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(3), 233–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413475622
Metwally A.M., Saleh, R.M., El-Etreby, L.A., Salama, S.I., Aboulghate, A., Amer, H.A, et al. (2019). Enhancing the value of women reproductive rights through community based interventions in upper Egypt governorates: a randomized interventional study. International Journal for Equity in Health, 18(1), 146. https://doi.org/10. 1186/s12939-019-1042-y.
Micik, K. (2011). Women take more active production role on farm. DTN/Progressive Farmer. Retrieved from http://www.dtnprogressivefarmer.com/dtnag/view/ag/printablepage.do?ID=NE S_PRIN Retrieved on March 2020.
Miles, L. (2016). The Social Relations Approach, empowerment and women factory workers in Malaysia. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 37(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X14533734
Mon, M. (2000). The economic position of women in Burma. Asian Studies Review, 24(2), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357820008713272
Moritsugu, J., Vera, E.G., Wong, F.W., & Duffy, K.G. (2013). Community psychology. (5th Edition). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson.
Ofreneo, Rosalinda Pineda and Hega, M. D. (2010). Women’s solidarity economy initiatives to strengthen food security in response to disasters. Disaster Prevention and Management, 34(1), 1–5.
Perkins, D. D. (Chair). (1993). Empowerment theory, research and policy. Symposium conducted at the biennial conference on Community Research and Action, Willamsburg, VA. (Participants: J. G. Kelly, K. I. Maton, T. Moore, D. D. Perkins, J. Rappaport, M. A. Zimmerman).
Perkins, D.D. (2010). Empowerment. IN R.A. CoutO (ED.), Political and civic leadership: a reference handbook (207-218). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Perkins, D. D., & Zimmerman, M. A. (1995). Empowerment theory, research, and application. An introduction to a special issue. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 569–579
Peterson, N.A. and Zimmerman, M.A. (2004), “Beyond the individual: toward a nomological network of organizational empowerment”, American Journal of Community Psychology, 13 (5), 569-579. Ram, K. (2007). Untimeliness as moral indictment: Tamil agricultural labouring women’s use of lament as life narrative. Australian Journal of Anthropology, 18(2), 138–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.2007.tb00085.x
Rappaport, J. (1987). Terms of empowerment/exemplars of prevention: Toward a theory for community
psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15, 121-148.
Rissing, A. (2013). Iowan women farmers’ perspective on alternative agriculture and gender. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 3(2), 127-136.
Rubio, J.-A. M., Vianca, C., Pentinio, P., Ascan, J. C., Mendoza, M. C. D., Vito, J. V, & Encio, H. A. (2016). Involvement in community extension program of business administration students in one higher education institution in the Philippines. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 4(1), 109–122.
Schlosser, G. A. (2001). Stories of Success from Eminent Finnish Women: A narrative study. High Ability Studies, 12(1), 61–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598130120058699
Sharma, C. (2004). The impact of fisheries development and globalization processes on women of fishing communities in the Asian region. SPC Women in Fisheries Information Bulletin, 14 (September), 27–29. Retrieved from www.spc.int/DigitalLibrary/Doc/FAME/InfoBull/WIF/14/WIF14_27_Sharma.pdf
Trauger, A., Sachs, C., Barbercheck, M., Kiernan, N. E., Brasier, K., & Swartzberg, A. (2010). The object of extension: agricultural education and authentic farmers in Pennsylvania. Sociologia Ruralis, 50(2), 85-103.
Vargas, T. M., Flores, M. M., Beyer, R., Block, M., & Vella, S. (2015). Coaches’ perceptions and proposed solutions for challenging behaviors: Implications for athletes with hidden disabilities. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 10(5), 783–796.
Vigil, J. M., & Geary, D. C. (2006). Parenting and community background and variation in women’s life-history development. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(4), 597–604. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.20.4.597
Xu, Q., Perkins, D. D., & Chow, J. C.-C. (2010). Sense of community, neighboring, and social capital as predictors of local political participation in China. American Journal of Community Psychology, 45, 259-271.
Yeh, C. J., Borrero, N. E., Lusheck, C., Plascencia, L., Kiliona, K., Mase, M., … Tito, P. (2015). Fostering social support, leadership competence, community engagement, and resilience among Samoan American youth. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 6(2), 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038545
Zablon Bundi Mutongu, Z. B. (2012). Women’s participation in community-based organizations’ development as a strategy for poverty reduction in Kenya. Priscilla Papers, 26 (1), 10 – 17.
Zimmerman, M. (1995). Psychological empowerment: Issues and illustrations. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 581-598.
Zimmerman, M. A. (2000). Empowerment theory: Psychological, organiza- tional, and community levels of analysis. In J. Rappaport & E Seidman (Eds.), Handbook of community psychology (pp. 43–63). New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
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Aug 22, 2022
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Rungduin, T., Baclagan, T., Mangaoil, A., Rantael, M. L., & Vendivel, F. (2022). Life Narratives of Women-Recipients of University-Designed Extension Programs. The Normal Lights. https://doi.org/10.56278/tnl.vi.1721
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Research Article
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