The Management Practices of Selected Natural Area Tourism Sites in Cebu Province
Main Article Content
Keywords
Sustainable tourism management, socio-cultural sustainability, social equity, community well-being, community participation
Abstract
This study explored the extent of sustainable tourism management practices in sociocultural sustainability as assessed by administrators, policy formulators, policy implementers, and civic organizations of selected natural area tourism sites in Cebu Philippines. The results reveal that the four groups of respondents practiced sustainable tourism management in their respective eco-sites; thus, from administrators to civic organizations, there is consistency in their plans that reflect the same practices. Effective approaches to achieve sustainability means implementing a combined focus in the areas of social equity and community well-being. There is then a significant consideration to provide alternative livelihoods for the disadvantaged by applying strategies that address this particular concern. Supporting an adherence to the community-based tourism approach, this study recommends that further studies on community participation be conducted to achieve sociocultural sustainability.
References
Bramwell, B. (1998). Selecting policy instruments for sustainable tourism. Global Tourism 2nd ed., Theobald, W. (ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Foods as culinary attraction in Quezon Province, Philippines, International Journal in Management and Social Science, 1(3): 7-14. http://www.questjournals.org/jrbm/papers/vol2-issue5/A250104.pdf
Bui, T. D. (2009). Tourism Industry Responses to the Rise of Sustainable Tourism and Related Environmental Policy Initiatives: The Case of Hue City, Vietnam.. http://pascn.pids.gov.ph/files/Discussions%20Papers/2003/2003-08.pdf.
Busby, G. (2003) Tourism degree internships: a longitudinal study. Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 55(3), 319-333.
Carlsen, J., Getz, D., & Knight, J. A. (2001). The environmental attitudes and practices of family business in the rural tourism and hospitality. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 9(4), 281-297. Retrieved from http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10292/769/Bui_DT.pdf?sequence=4.
Catibog-Sinha, C. (2012). Sustainable Tourism: Concepts and Cases in the Philippines- Caring for nature, culture and people. Quezon City. Haribon Foundation Inc.
Department of Tourism (1991). Tourism Master Plan (1991- 2010). Manila: Philippines. http://pascn.pids.gov.ph/files/Discussions%20Papers/2003/2003-08.pdf.
Deale, C. (2013). Sustainability education: focusing on hospitality, tourism, and travel. The Journal of Sustainable Education 4 ISSN: 2151-7452.
Diamantes, D. (2012), Ecotourism, Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd.
Edgell, D. (2006). Managing sustainable tourism, legacy for the future. NY. Haworth Hospitality Press.
Eagles, P., McCool, S., & Haynes, C. (2002). Sustainable tourism in protected areas, guidelines for planning and management. IUCN, land, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK, the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Tourism Organization.
Harris, J. M. (2000). Basic principles of sustainable development, Working Paper 00-04. USA: Global Development and Environmental Institutes, Tufts University. http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10292/769/Bui_DT.pdf/sequence=4.
Holden (2008). Environment and Tourism. pp. 200-202. Routledge. ISBN 0415399548. Integra; http://www.integrallc.com/2012/08/13/ecotourism-vs-sustainabletourism/
Morgan, M. (2004). From production line to drama school: Higher education for the future of tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 16(2), 91-99.
Murphy, P. E., (1985). Tourism: A community approach. New York: Routledge.
Nance, E., & Ortolano, L. (2007). Community participation in urban sanitation: Experience in north eastern Brazil. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 26, 284 -300. Retrieved from https://works.bepress.com/nanceea/12/download/Philippine APEC Study Center Network; http://pascn.pids.gov.ph/DisclList/d03/s03-06.PDF.
Philippine Tourism Master Plan of 1990; http://asiapacific.unwto.org/sites/allfiles/pdf/philippines_5.pdf.
Scheyvens, R. (1999). Ecotourism and the empowerment of local communities. Tourism Management, 20, 245-249. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.465.2062&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
Swarbrooke, J. (2000). Sustainable tourism management. New York. CABI Publishing. White. C., & Deguit, E. (2002). “Starting point or solution? communitybased marine protected areas in the Philippines.” Journal of Environmental Management. Elsevier Science Ltd, in Online Magazine for Sustainable Tourism 5 (1)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12503498.
UN. (1999b). Sustainable tourism development in small island developing states. Addendum to the Report of the Secretary-General (Document No. E/CN. 17/1999/6/Add.11), New York, UN. http://sdt.unwto.org/content/about-us-5.
UNEP. (2005). Making Tourism More Sustainable, A Guide for Policy Makers.UNEP/WTO Paris, France/Madrid, Spain.
Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN,1999). Yearbook of International Cooperation on Environment and Development. Earthscan Publications: London.
UNWTO (2014). UNWTO United Nations World Tourism Organization Annual Report 2014; http://ef.cdn.unwto.org/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_annual_report_2014.pdf.
UNWTO (1993). Definition of Tourism (UNWTO) Definition of Tourism/What is tourism.
WTO (1993). Recommendations on Tourism Statistics: http://statistics.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/parti.pdf.
