Editorial Team
PHERC Executive Officers
President – Dr. Rodante S. Flores (PHILSCA)
Vice-President Internal – Asst. Prof. Cherry C. Pebre (PUP)
Vice-President External – Dr. Marie Paz E. Morales (PNU)
Secretary – Assoc. Prof. Ramsey S. Ferrer (PHILSCA)
Treasurer – Dr. Jacel D. Mabansag (EARIST)
Auditor – Dr. Hasmin T. Ignacio (TUP)
Business Manager – Dr. Ma. Arra B. Santos (MPC)
Public Information Officer – Dr. Roel P. Balayan (EARIST)
Lead Editor
Dr. Marie Paz E. Morales, Philippine Normal University
Pool of Reviewers
Nasir Nayan, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Dr. Vathsala Wickramasinghe, B. Sc. Bus. Adm. Hons. (SJP), M. A. Labor Studies (Colombo), Ph. D. (Manchester-UK) University of Moratuwa
Dr. Michael Cosser, Human Sciences Research Council
Dr. Sae-hoon Park, Chonbuk National University
Prof. Ikhfan Haris, State University of Gorontalo
Dr. Krishna Prasad Rijal, Department of Water Resources and Irrigation
Yazid Saleh, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Dr. Sabeeha Hamza Dehham, College of Basic Education University of Babylon
Mohmadisa Hashim, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Prof. Erin Feinauer Whiting, Brigham Young University
Dr. Lynn Okagaki, University of Delaware
PhD., M.Ed., B.Ed Catherine Young, Course Leader for MA Literacy Programme Development
Rodney Jubilado, University of Hawaii
Dr. Christ John M. Pastor, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Bambang Suryadi, Lecturer of Faculty of Psychology Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta
Dr. Cesario Jr. A. Bacosa, Holy Trinity University
Dr. Manuel C. Belino, Mapua Institute of Technology
Dr. Riza Reyes, UP - NISMED
Dr. Allan Abraham Padama, UP - Los Banos
Dr. Eric Punzalan, De La Salle University - Manila
Dr. Leo Mendel D. Rosario, FEATI University
Dr. Billy Almarinez, De La Salle University
Dr. Lilibeth Coo, UP - Diliman
Dr. Perry Esguerra, National Institute of Physics
Dr. Emmanuel Rodulfo, De La Salle University
Dr. Rodolfo Treyes, UP - NISMED
Jomar Empaynado, Ateneo de Manila University
Dr. Praxis Miranda, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Ma. Jenina N. Nalipay, Education University of Hongkong
Dr. Sterling Miranda Plata, De La Salle University
Dr. Paolo Nino M. Valdez, De La Salle University - Manila
Dr. Handjoko Permana, Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Dr. Shirley Palisoc, De La Salle University
Dr. Ubaid Yaqoob, University of Kashmir, Srinagar
Dr. Grace Moorefield, Azusa Pacific University
Dr. Socorro Aguja, De La Salle University - Araneta
Dr. Hanna Hopia, JAMK University of Applied Sciences
Dr. Heba Obied, Cleveland Clinic Internal Medicine and Geriatrics
Hermie Garrobo, Gimcheon University
Dr. Teresita T. Rungduin, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Hsian-Lin Liu, National Taiwan Normal University
Mam Chansean, National Institute of Education
Nenet Graza, De La Salle University
Nguyen Ngoc Tho, Vietnam National University
Dr. Milan Pol, University Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Dr. K.P. Joo, Pennsylvania State University
Dr. Ryan Arevalo, De La Salle University
Wilfred Espulgar, Osaka University
Dr. Mary Clare S. Escano, University of Fukui
Dr. Jeffrey Milligan Ayala, University of Nebraska
Dr. Bill Atweh, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Vina Severina, Universitas Nigeri Jakarta
Dr. Sayantan Mandal, National University of Educational Planning and Administration
Dr. D. Uma Devi, Gayatri Vidya Parashid College of Engineering
Prof. Karanam Pushpanadham, The M.S. University of Baroda
Dr. Gerald Shenk, California State University
Dr. Ines Gil Jaurena, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia
Prof. Tae Rim Lee, Korea National Open University
Achmad Ridwan, Universitas Nigeri Jakarta
Dr. Virginia Cawagas, University of Peace
Dr. Brenda Williamson, Shaw University
Dr. Satyendra Singh, University of Winnipeg
Dr. Mao Saroeun, National Institute of Education
Dr. Michael Anthony B. Mantala, UP - NISMED
Melanie David, De La Salle University - Manila
Dr. Jovito C. Anito, Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Dr. Ma. Victoria Uvas, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Minie Rose Lapinid, De La Salle University
Prof. Rene Romero, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Cesario A. Bacosa Jr., Western Philippines University
Dr. Zenaida Q. Reyes, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Felipe IV Vista, Chonbuk National University
Ms. Armie Cacatian Ibay, Western Philippines University
Bro. Joseph Scheiter, De La Salle University
Dr. Sri Harto, S. Pd, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Dr. Gil Nonato G. Santos, De La Salle University
Dr. Elizabeth R. Ramos, St. Paul University
Dr. Isabel N. Quita, San Francisco State University
Dr. Twila G. Punsalan, AusAID Philippines
Dr. Maricar Prudente, De La Salle University
Prof. Mae Ran Park, Pukyong National University
Dr. Leonora N. Palansigui, Philippine Women's University
Jesus A. Ochave, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Melchor A. Tatlonghari, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Topsie Ruannie F. Tupaz, National Institute of Education
Dr. Kim Nichols, The University of Queensland
Dr. Nancy Law, The University of Hong Kong
Dr. Yolanda Quijano, Department of Education
Dr. Jely Galang, University of the Philippine - Diliman
Dr. Darwin Rungduin, Colegio de San Juan de Letran
Dr. Razak Abd Samad Yahya, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Dr. Aileen Wang, Manila Doctors Hospital
Dr. Paulo Nino M. Valdez, Philippine Journal of Linguistics
Dr. Soledad A. Ulep, UP-NISMED
Shirley R. Ocampo, De La Salle University
Dr. Dina S. Ocampo, Department of Education
Dr. Mohd Asri Mohd Nor, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Dr. Myrna D. Nicolas, University of Santo Tomas
Dr. Josephine Daguman, Summer Institute of Linguistics
Ma. Aileen A. Corpuz, University of Texas
Dr. Haileng Chin, University of Malaya
Dr. Brenda B. Corpuz, Department of Education
Filma G. Brawner, Science Education Institute
Dr. Supachai A. Basit, Emilio Aguinaldo College
Dr. Mark Charles Baildon, National Institute of Education
Prof Madya Dr Mohd Hassan Abdullah, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Dr. Elvira L. Arellano, West Visayas State University
Dr. Marlene Ferido, UP-NISMED
Dr. Leonora Fernandez, Manila Doctors Hospital
Dr. Rizaldi C. Nocon, De La Salle - College of St. Benilde
Dr. Cecilia M. Mendiola, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Carlo Magno, National University
Dr. Auxencia Limjap, Far Eastern University
Dr. Genaro V. Japos, International Association of Multidisciplinary Research
Milagros D. Ibe, Miriam College
Prof. Madya Dr Raja Nor Safinas Raja Harun, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Prof. Dr. Tatang Herman, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Julieta A. Gregorio, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Adelaida C. Gines, Philippine Normal University
Dr. Nabeel Abedalaziz, University of Malaya
EDITORIAL STAFF
ADMIN STAFF
Jirich P. Baldemoro, Philippine Normal University
WEB EDITOR
Patricia Mae C. Purificacion, Philippine Normal University
JOURNAL STAFF
Nicole Angela R. Cruz, Philippine Normal University
TECHNICAL STAFF
Christine Pearl B. Salimo, Philippine Normal University
LAYOUT AND GRAPHIC ARTIST
Mars M. Majul, Philippine Normal University