EXPO: Self-Development Training Program to Introduce Emotional Competence for First-Year Psychology Students
Main Article Content
Keywords
adjustment to university, emotional competence, emotional intelligence, experiential learning, first-year student, training program
Abstract
Emotional competence is an influencing factor for an academic adjustment. Therefore, an orientation program facilitating those competency is needed for first-year students. The training was designed to help them understand emotional competence. This study examined whether the EXPO: Self Development Training Progam could improve knowledge about emotional competence. This study used pre-experimental design. Participants were all first-year students in psychology major (n=155; M=31; F=124), while emotional competence was assessed by using Goleman’s Emotional Competence Inventory (R=.879). The Wilcoxon signedrank test was used to analyze before and after programs’ data. There was a statistically significant knowledge improvement in the students’ emotional competence following the EXPO program (z=?4.068, p<.05), with a medium effect size (r=.33) with the highest improvement found in empathy (z=9.248, p<.05, r=.75). The emotional competence intervention efficacy study should be offered to use a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design to generalize the overall effectiveness of the intervention program.
References
Biech, E., & Pfeiffer & Company. (2010). The 2007 Pfeiffer annual. Training. The Pfeiffer Annual Series, 22, 311.
Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E., Reyes, M. R., & Salovey, P. (2012). Enhancing academic performance and social and emotional competence with the RULER feeling words curriculum. Learning and Individual Differences, 22(2), 218–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2010.10.002
Brasseur, S., Grégoire, J., Bourdu, R., & Mikolajczak, M. (2013). The profile of emotional competence (PEC): Development and validation of a self-reported measure that fits dimensions of emotional competence theory. PLoS ONE, 8(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062635
Clinciu, A. I. (2013). Adaptation and stress for the first year university students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 78, 718-722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.382
Darwazeh, A. N., & Branch, R. M. (2015). A revision to the revised Bloom's taxonomy. The Annual Proceedings, 2(1990), 220–225. Retrieved from http://www.tresystems.com/proceedings/
Dumitriu, C., Timofti, I. C., & Dumitriu, G. (2014). Evaluation and Development of Students' Emotional Competence. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 869–874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.312
Fernandez, R., Salamonson, Y., & Griffiths, R. (2012). Emotional intelligence as a predictor of academic performance in first-year accelerated graduate entry nursing students. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21(23–24), 3485–3492. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04199.x
Frey, B. B. (2018). The SAGE Encyclopedia if Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation. In B. B. Frey (Ed.), ???? ?????) Vol. 66). Retrieved from https://methods.sagepub.com/reference/the-sage-encyclope-diaof-educational-research-measurement-and-evaluation/i16388.xml
Goleman, D. (2000). An EI-based theory of performance. In The Emotionally Intelligent Workplace (pp. 1–18). Retrieved from http://www.eiconsortium.org/pdf/an_ei_based_theory_of_performance.pdf
Goleman, D., & Boyatzis, R. (2001). A multi-rater tool that assesses emotional intelligence. Retrieved from http://veritasalliance.com.au/documents/eci-brochure.pdf
Goleman, D., McKee, A., & Achor, S. (2017). Everyday emotional intelligence. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation.
Hobgood, C., Sherwood, G., Frush, K., Hollar, D., Maynard, L., Foster, B., … Taekman, J. (2010). Teamwork training with nursing and medical students: Does the method matter? Results of an interinstitutional, interdisciplinary collaboration. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 19(6), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2008.031732
Jdaitawi, M. T., Ishak, N.-A., & Mustafa, F. T. (2011). Emotional intelligence in modifying social and academic adjustment among first Year university students in North Jordan. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 3(2), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v3n2p135
Kayes, A. B., Kayes, D. C., & Kolb, D. A. (2005). Experiential learning in teams. Simulation and Gaming, 36(3), 330-354. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046878105279012
Kertechian, S. K. (2018). Conscientiousness as a key to success for academic achievement among French university students enrolled in management studies. International Journal of Management Education, 16(2), 154-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2018.02.003
Khosasih, G. H. (2018). Pengaruh Pelatihan Emotional Intelligence Terhada Perilaku Caring Pengasuh Anak. Calyptra: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya, 7(2), 3644–3657.
Kolb, A. Y., & Kolb, D. A. (2005). Learning styles and learning spaces: Enhancing experiential learning in higher education. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 4(2), 193–212.
Kolb, A. Y., & Kolb, D. A. (2009). The learning way: Meta-cognitive aspects of experiential learning. Simulation & Gaming, 40(3), 297–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046878108325713
Kotsou, I., Mikolajczak, M., Heeren, A., Grégoire, J., & Leys, C. (2019). Improving emotional intelligence: a systematic review of existing work and future challenges. Emotion Review, 11(2), 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073917735902
Lau, P. S. Y., & Wu, F. K. Y. (2012). Emotional competence as a positive youth development construct: A conceptual review. The Scientific World Journal, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/975189
Lestari, S., Nasution, R., Siregar, D. A., Ginting, N., & Girsang, E. (2020). Efektivitas pelatihan terhadap peningkatan kecerdasan emosional perawat di rsu royal prima medan. Jurnal Maternitas Kebidanan, 5(2), 1–10.
López-Mondéjar, L. M., & Pastor, L. M. T. (2017). Development of socio-emotional skills through cooperative learning in a university environment. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237, 432-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.086
Maclellan, E. (2014). How might teachers enable learner self confidence? A review study. Educational Review, 66(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2013.768601
Malay, E. D., & Nataningsih, A. (2020). Does the use of social network service LINE affect first-year college students’ social adjustment? Jurnal Psikologi Sosial, 18(1), 30–38. https://doi.org/10.7454/jps.2020.05
Mayer, J. D., Caruso, D. R., & Salovey, P. (2000). Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for an intelligence. Intelligence, 27(4), 267–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-
2896(99)00016-1
McCarthy, M. (2016). Experiential learning theory: From theory to practice. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 14(3), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.19030/jber.v14i3.9749
Muarif, A. K., & Adiyanti, M. G. (2020). Emotional intelligence training untuk mereduksi burnout pada anggota Kepolisian Republik Indonesia. Journal of Psychological Perspective, 2(1), 13-24.
Nelis, D., Kotsou, I., Quoidbach, J., Hansenne, M., Weytens, F., Dupuis, P., & Mikolajczak, M. (2011). Increasing emotional competence improves psychological and physical well-being,
social relationships, and employability. Emotion, 11(2), 354–366. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021554
Omura, M., Maguire, J., Levett-Jones, T., & Stone, T. E. (2017). The effectiveness of assertiveness communication training programs for healthcare professionals and students: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 76I, 120-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.09.001
Parlar, H., Polatcan, M., & Cansoy, R. (2019). The relationship between social capital and innovativeness climate in schools: The intermediary role of professional learning communities. International Journal of Educational Management, 34(2), 232–244. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-10-2018-0322
Pekrun, R. (2006). The control-value theory of achievement emotions: Assumptions, corollaries, and implications for educational research and practice. Educational Psychology Review, 18(4), 315–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-006-9029-9
Petrides, K. V. (2010). Trait Emotional Intelligence Theory. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 3(2), 136–139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2010.01213.x
Petrides, K. V., Mikolajczak, M., Mavroveli, S., Sanchez-Ruiz, M. J., Furnham, A., & Pérez-González, J. C. (2016). Developments in trait emotional intelligence research. Emotion Review, 8(4), 335-341. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073916650493
Risma, D. (2012). Pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap kinerja karyawan?: Penelitian eksperimen. Fokus Ekonomi, 01(1), 86-97. Retrieved from http://stiepena.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/pena-fokusvol-4-no-2-40-45.pdf
Santrock, J. (2018). Life-Span Development (Seventeent). New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Sari, N., & Susanti, H. (2017). International Nursing Student Symposium and Festival. UI Proc. Health Med, 3, 96. Retrieved from http://www.aucccd.org/assets/documents/aucccd 2
Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., & Thorsteinsson, E. B. (2013). Increasing emotional intelligence through training: Current status and future directions. The International Journal of Emotional Education, 5(1), 56-72. Retrieved from http://www.um.edu.mt/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/183884/vol5i1p4.pdf
Sim, S., & Bang, M. (2016). Emotional intelligence, stress coping, and adjustment to college life in nursing students. International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Technology, 8(3), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.14257/ijbsbt.2016.8.3.03
Tackman, A. M., Srivastava, S., Pfeifer, J. H., & Dapretto, M. (2017). Development of conscientiousness in childhood
and adolescence typical trajectories and associations with academic, health, and relationship changes. Journal of Research in Personality, 67, 85-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.05.002
Tamannaeifar, M., & Hesampour, F. (2016). International academic journal of organizational behavior and human resource management the relationship between cultural and emotional intelligence with students' adjustment to university. International Academic Journal of Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, 3(9), 1-13.
Tiuraniemi, J., Läärä, R., Kyrö, T., & Lindeman, S. (2011). Medical and psychology students' self-assessed communication skills: A pilot study. Patient Education and Counseling, 83(2), 152-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2010.05.013
Wang, Q., & Hannes, K. (2014). Academic and socio-cultural adjustment among Asian international students in the Flemish community of Belgium: A photovoice project. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 39(1), 66-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2013.09.013
Wijanarko, D. D. (2014). Pelatihan kecerdasan emosional dalam konteks pembentukan karakter anggotapramuka gugus depan 03073/03074Kecamatan Cicendo Bandung. Empowerment, 4(1), 51–59.
Wijaya, R. S., Putri, S. G., & Pandjaitan, L. N. (2020). Efektifitas pelatihan kecerdasan emosional untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis remaja panti ASUHAN. Jurnal Psikohumanika, 12(1), 60–78.
Yardley, S., Teunissen, P. W., & Dornan, T. (2012). Experiential learning: AMEE Guide No. 63. Medical Teacher, 34(2). https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2012.650741
Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E., Reyes, M. R., & Salovey, P. (2012). Enhancing academic performance and social and emotional competence with the RULER feeling words curriculum. Learning and Individual Differences, 22(2), 218–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2010.10.002
Brasseur, S., Grégoire, J., Bourdu, R., & Mikolajczak, M. (2013). The profile of emotional competence (PEC): Development and validation of a self-reported measure that fits dimensions of emotional competence theory. PLoS ONE, 8(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062635
Clinciu, A. I. (2013). Adaptation and stress for the first year university students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 78, 718-722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.382
Darwazeh, A. N., & Branch, R. M. (2015). A revision to the revised Bloom's taxonomy. The Annual Proceedings, 2(1990), 220–225. Retrieved from http://www.tresystems.com/proceedings/
Dumitriu, C., Timofti, I. C., & Dumitriu, G. (2014). Evaluation and Development of Students' Emotional Competence. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 869–874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.312
Fernandez, R., Salamonson, Y., & Griffiths, R. (2012). Emotional intelligence as a predictor of academic performance in first-year accelerated graduate entry nursing students. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21(23–24), 3485–3492. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04199.x
Frey, B. B. (2018). The SAGE Encyclopedia if Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation. In B. B. Frey (Ed.), ???? ?????) Vol. 66). Retrieved from https://methods.sagepub.com/reference/the-sage-encyclope-diaof-educational-research-measurement-and-evaluation/i16388.xml
Goleman, D. (2000). An EI-based theory of performance. In The Emotionally Intelligent Workplace (pp. 1–18). Retrieved from http://www.eiconsortium.org/pdf/an_ei_based_theory_of_performance.pdf
Goleman, D., & Boyatzis, R. (2001). A multi-rater tool that assesses emotional intelligence. Retrieved from http://veritasalliance.com.au/documents/eci-brochure.pdf
Goleman, D., McKee, A., & Achor, S. (2017). Everyday emotional intelligence. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation.
Hobgood, C., Sherwood, G., Frush, K., Hollar, D., Maynard, L., Foster, B., … Taekman, J. (2010). Teamwork training with nursing and medical students: Does the method matter? Results of an interinstitutional, interdisciplinary collaboration. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 19(6), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2008.031732
Jdaitawi, M. T., Ishak, N.-A., & Mustafa, F. T. (2011). Emotional intelligence in modifying social and academic adjustment among first Year university students in North Jordan. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 3(2), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v3n2p135
Kayes, A. B., Kayes, D. C., & Kolb, D. A. (2005). Experiential learning in teams. Simulation and Gaming, 36(3), 330-354. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046878105279012
Kertechian, S. K. (2018). Conscientiousness as a key to success for academic achievement among French university students enrolled in management studies. International Journal of Management Education, 16(2), 154-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2018.02.003
Khosasih, G. H. (2018). Pengaruh Pelatihan Emotional Intelligence Terhada Perilaku Caring Pengasuh Anak. Calyptra: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya, 7(2), 3644–3657.
Kolb, A. Y., & Kolb, D. A. (2005). Learning styles and learning spaces: Enhancing experiential learning in higher education. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 4(2), 193–212.
Kolb, A. Y., & Kolb, D. A. (2009). The learning way: Meta-cognitive aspects of experiential learning. Simulation & Gaming, 40(3), 297–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046878108325713
Kotsou, I., Mikolajczak, M., Heeren, A., Grégoire, J., & Leys, C. (2019). Improving emotional intelligence: a systematic review of existing work and future challenges. Emotion Review, 11(2), 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073917735902
Lau, P. S. Y., & Wu, F. K. Y. (2012). Emotional competence as a positive youth development construct: A conceptual review. The Scientific World Journal, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/975189
Lestari, S., Nasution, R., Siregar, D. A., Ginting, N., & Girsang, E. (2020). Efektivitas pelatihan terhadap peningkatan kecerdasan emosional perawat di rsu royal prima medan. Jurnal Maternitas Kebidanan, 5(2), 1–10.
López-Mondéjar, L. M., & Pastor, L. M. T. (2017). Development of socio-emotional skills through cooperative learning in a university environment. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237, 432-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.086
Maclellan, E. (2014). How might teachers enable learner self confidence? A review study. Educational Review, 66(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2013.768601
Malay, E. D., & Nataningsih, A. (2020). Does the use of social network service LINE affect first-year college students’ social adjustment? Jurnal Psikologi Sosial, 18(1), 30–38. https://doi.org/10.7454/jps.2020.05
Mayer, J. D., Caruso, D. R., & Salovey, P. (2000). Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for an intelligence. Intelligence, 27(4), 267–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-
2896(99)00016-1
McCarthy, M. (2016). Experiential learning theory: From theory to practice. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 14(3), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.19030/jber.v14i3.9749
Muarif, A. K., & Adiyanti, M. G. (2020). Emotional intelligence training untuk mereduksi burnout pada anggota Kepolisian Republik Indonesia. Journal of Psychological Perspective, 2(1), 13-24.
Nelis, D., Kotsou, I., Quoidbach, J., Hansenne, M., Weytens, F., Dupuis, P., & Mikolajczak, M. (2011). Increasing emotional competence improves psychological and physical well-being,
social relationships, and employability. Emotion, 11(2), 354–366. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021554
Omura, M., Maguire, J., Levett-Jones, T., & Stone, T. E. (2017). The effectiveness of assertiveness communication training programs for healthcare professionals and students: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 76I, 120-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.09.001
Parlar, H., Polatcan, M., & Cansoy, R. (2019). The relationship between social capital and innovativeness climate in schools: The intermediary role of professional learning communities. International Journal of Educational Management, 34(2), 232–244. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-10-2018-0322
Pekrun, R. (2006). The control-value theory of achievement emotions: Assumptions, corollaries, and implications for educational research and practice. Educational Psychology Review, 18(4), 315–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-006-9029-9
Petrides, K. V. (2010). Trait Emotional Intelligence Theory. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 3(2), 136–139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2010.01213.x
Petrides, K. V., Mikolajczak, M., Mavroveli, S., Sanchez-Ruiz, M. J., Furnham, A., & Pérez-González, J. C. (2016). Developments in trait emotional intelligence research. Emotion Review, 8(4), 335-341. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073916650493
Risma, D. (2012). Pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap kinerja karyawan?: Penelitian eksperimen. Fokus Ekonomi, 01(1), 86-97. Retrieved from http://stiepena.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/pena-fokusvol-4-no-2-40-45.pdf
Santrock, J. (2018). Life-Span Development (Seventeent). New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Sari, N., & Susanti, H. (2017). International Nursing Student Symposium and Festival. UI Proc. Health Med, 3, 96. Retrieved from http://www.aucccd.org/assets/documents/aucccd 2
Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., & Thorsteinsson, E. B. (2013). Increasing emotional intelligence through training: Current status and future directions. The International Journal of Emotional Education, 5(1), 56-72. Retrieved from http://www.um.edu.mt/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/183884/vol5i1p4.pdf
Sim, S., & Bang, M. (2016). Emotional intelligence, stress coping, and adjustment to college life in nursing students. International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Technology, 8(3), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.14257/ijbsbt.2016.8.3.03
Tackman, A. M., Srivastava, S., Pfeifer, J. H., & Dapretto, M. (2017). Development of conscientiousness in childhood
and adolescence typical trajectories and associations with academic, health, and relationship changes. Journal of Research in Personality, 67, 85-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.05.002
Tamannaeifar, M., & Hesampour, F. (2016). International academic journal of organizational behavior and human resource management the relationship between cultural and emotional intelligence with students' adjustment to university. International Academic Journal of Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, 3(9), 1-13.
Tiuraniemi, J., Läärä, R., Kyrö, T., & Lindeman, S. (2011). Medical and psychology students' self-assessed communication skills: A pilot study. Patient Education and Counseling, 83(2), 152-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2010.05.013
Wang, Q., & Hannes, K. (2014). Academic and socio-cultural adjustment among Asian international students in the Flemish community of Belgium: A photovoice project. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 39(1), 66-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2013.09.013
Wijanarko, D. D. (2014). Pelatihan kecerdasan emosional dalam konteks pembentukan karakter anggotapramuka gugus depan 03073/03074Kecamatan Cicendo Bandung. Empowerment, 4(1), 51–59.
Wijaya, R. S., Putri, S. G., & Pandjaitan, L. N. (2020). Efektifitas pelatihan kecerdasan emosional untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis remaja panti ASUHAN. Jurnal Psikohumanika, 12(1), 60–78.
Yardley, S., Teunissen, P. W., & Dornan, T. (2012). Experiential learning: AMEE Guide No. 63. Medical Teacher, 34(2). https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2012.650741